Question 1

Characteristics of the Hardy personality include a preoccupation with oneself and a dissatisfaction with life.

Accepted Answer

The characteristics of the Hardy personality include commitment to something outside of oneself, control over one's life, and viewing challenges as opportunities for growth rather than threats. They do not have a preoccupation with oneself and dissatisfaction with life.

Question 2

Personality influences (1)how individuals are likely to perceive situations and stressors,and (2)how they will react to these stressors.

Accepted Answer

Personality traits can influence an individual's perception of situations and stressors, as well as determine their reactions to those stressors. For example, an individual with high levels of neuroticism may perceive a situation as more stressful than someone with low levels of neuroticism, and may react with anxiety or worry. Conversely, someone with high levels of optimism may perceive a situation as less stressful and react with more positivity and resilience.

Question 3

The adverse effects of working conditions where strong stressors seem unavoidable and sources of job satisfaction and relief from stress seem unavailable is referred to as job burnout.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Job burnout is a consequence of chronic exposure to stressful work situations and a lack of resources to cope with those stressors. It is often characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.

Question 4

Employees at a day-care center would be more susceptible to job burnout than the average employee.

Accepted Answer

Employees at a day-care center often work long hours, dealing with high levels of responsibility and emotional workload. This may result in a high risk of job burnout.

Question 5

Personality traits will not affect the probability that an individual will perceive a situation or an event as a stressor.

Accepted Answer

Personality traits can contribute to how an individual perceives and reacts to a situation, which can influence whether they perceive it as a stressor or not. For example, someone with high levels of neuroticism may be more likely to perceive a situation as stressful compared to someone with low levels of neuroticism.

Question 6

Research has found certain aspects of the Type A personality are strongly related to stress reactions and heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that certain traits of the Type A personality, such as hostility, impatience, and competitiveness, are strongly linked to both stress reactions and an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 7

Characteristics of the Type B personality include a chronic sense of time urgency and an extremely competitive,almost hostile orientation.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. The characteristics of Type B personality include a more relaxed, easy-going, and less competitive nature compared to Type A personality. Type B individuals also tend to be more creative and open-minded. They may have a laid-back approach to time and are not as prone to experiencing a sense of urgency.

Question 8

The Hardy personality is considered to be the opposite of the Type A personality.

Accepted Answer

The Hardy personality is characterized by resilience and a strong ability to cope with stress, not directly positioned as the opposite of Type A personality, which is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a high stress level.

Question 9

An individual with a high external locus of control will probably be less likely to experience stress in a given situation because of the belief in the ability to cope effectively.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a high external locus of control believe that external factors, such as luck or fate, have a strong influence on their lives and outcomes. This can lead to feelings of helplessness and a lack of control, which can increase stress levels in challenging situations. On the other hand, individuals with a high internal locus of control believe that their own actions and choices determine their outcomes, which can lead to greater feelings of control and coping ability in stressful situations.

Question 10

The characteristics of the Type A personality generally increase the amount of stress experienced by the individual.

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are typically characterized by traits such as competitiveness, time urgency, and a tendency towards impatience and irritability. These traits can lead to increased levels of stress as individuals with Type A personalities often feel pressure to constantly achieve and meet high standards, which can be exhausting and overwhelming.

Question 11

The components of the Type A personality that are strongly related to stress reactions and heart disease are anger,hostility,and aggression.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with Type A personality who exhibit high levels of anger, hostility, and aggression are more likely to experience stress-related health problems, including heart disease.

Question 12

Studies of the performance-stress relationship among teams or departments in organizations frequently show that higher levels of stress are associated with increased productivity in those teams or departments.

Accepted Answer

While some stress can enhance performance by motivating individuals to perform at their best, excessive stress typically leads to burnout, decreased productivity, and health issues, negatively impacting overall team or department performance.

Question 13

Individual differences in personality,motivation,attitudes,and abilities influence not only how employees experience work stress,but also how they respond to it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Individual differences play a significant role in how employees cope with work stress. Factors such as personality traits, motivational style, attitude towards work, and abilities can determine how an employee perceives stress and how they respond to it. Some employees may be more resilient and able to handle stress well, while others may find it overwhelming and struggle to cope. Employers need to take these individual differences into account when managing work stress and providing support to employees.

Question 14

Characteristics associated with a high probability of burnout include low levels of self-motivation and a lack of work-related goals.

Accepted Answer

Characteristics associated with a high probability of burnout include high workload, lack of control over work, unrealistic job expectations, unclear job demands, lack of social support, and a perception of inequity or unfair treatment at work. Low levels of self-motivation and a lack of work-related goals may contribute to boredom in some individuals, but they are not the main causes of burnout.

Question 15

Personality influences how individuals are likely to perceive situations and stressors,but not how they will react to these stressors.

Accepted Answer

Personality influences both how individuals perceive situations and stressors, as well as how they react to them. Personality traits such as neuroticism, coping strategies, and resilience can all impact an individual's reactions to stressors.

Question 16

Focusing solely on one single thing at a time is referred to as polyphasic behavior.

Accepted Answer

Focusing solely on one single thing at a time is referred to as monophasic behavior. Polyphasic behavior involves taking multiple short naps throughout the day instead of sleeping in one long stretch at night.

Question 17

An employee with a Type A personality might have more stress-related medical insurance claims than one with a Type B personality.

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are characterized by high levels of stress, competitiveness, impatience, and a sense of urgency. These personality traits have been associated with an increased risk of stress-related health problems such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and digestive problems, which can result in higher medical insurance claims. In contrast, Type B personalities are more relaxed, easy-going, and less prone to stress-related health issues.

Question 18

The phenomenon of job burnout typically contains three components: a state of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization of individuals,and feelings of low personal accomplishment.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The three components of job burnout are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment.

Question 19

Although most burnout research has focused on the human services sector of the economy,burnout may also affect managers,shop owners,or professionals who constantly face stressors with little or no relief.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true, as it is suggested that burnout can affect individuals in various occupations that involve persistent stress.

Question 20

An individual with a high internal locus of control will probably be less likely to experience stress in a given situation because of the belief in the ability to cope effectively.

Accepted Answer

An individual with a high internal locus of control believes that they have control over their own life and can influence events that affect them. This belief leads to a sense of self-efficacy and the ability to cope effectively with stressful situations, thereby reducing the likelihood of experiencing stress. On the other hand, individuals with a high external locus of control believe that external factors such as luck, fate, or other people control their lives and are therefore more likely to experience stress when faced with challenging situations.

Quiz 8: Workplace Stress and Aggression: Part A