Question 1

Which of the following is true according to Piaget's concept of conservation?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of conservation refers to the idea that certain physical properties of objects remain the same even when their outward appearance changes. For example, the amount of water in a container remains the same even if the container's shape changes. Therefore, option C is correct. The other options are not accurate. Conservation typically emerges around age seven, option A is incorrect. To understand conservation, children do not necessarily need to understand other's perspectives, option B is incorrect. Finally, mental manipulation of symbolic representations is not necessary for understanding conservation, option D is incorrect.

Question 2

Which of the following children tend to be more prone to illness?

Accepted Answer

Children who live in stressful conditions, such as poverty or difficult family situations, tend to be more prone to illness. Stress weakens the immune system and makes the body more vulnerable to infection and disease. The other factors listed may also impact a child's health, but research has shown that chronic stress is particularly harmful.

Question 3

In the United States,most cases of child abuse involve which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States,most cases of child...

Question 4

At about what age do children begin to prefer rule-governed or formal games?

Accepted Answer

Children typically begin to prefer rule-governed or formal games at around age five or six. At this age, they are better able to understand and follow rules and are interested in more structured play activities. While some children may show an interest in rules and structure at earlier ages, it is more common for this preference to emerge around five or six years old.

Question 5

Which of the following is a type of play that demonstrates cognitive development consistent with the stages identified by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

Substitute pretend play is consistent with Piaget's Preoperational stage of cognitive development, where children begin to engage in symbolic play and use objects to represent something else while playing.

Question 6

Darius holds his hairbrush to his mouth and sings as if the hairbrush is a microphone.This is an example of what type of play?

Accepted Answer

By using the hairbrush as a substitute for a microphone, Darius is engaging in substitute pretend play.

Question 7

What does your book suggest about children's eating habits?

Accepted Answer

Allowing the child's appetite to guide how much food they eat is the best approach as it helps them learn to listen to their bodies and regulate their own hunger and fullness cues. This can also prevent overeating or undereating. It is important to offer a variety of healthy foods and encourage trying new things, but not to force or pressure the child to eat anything. Additionally, offering sweets or treats in moderation can help prevent them from becoming forbidden or overly desired foods. Keeping a food diary or insisting on finishing everything on the plate can create unnecessary stress or pressure around food and mealtimes.

Question 8

Sylvia loves to play with her toy telephone.When she holds the receiver to her face and calls "Hi!" she is engaging in which type of play?

Accepted Answer

First pretend play, also known as exploratory play or practice play, involves using objects in a new way through imitation, such as pretending to talk on a toy phone like adults do. This type of play helps children learn about their environment and develop new skills.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct with regard to child abuse in the United States?

Accepted Answer

There are laws in every state in the United States that mandate anyone suspecting child abuse or neglect to report it to the authorities. Failure to do so can result in legal consequences.

Answer: D
 There is a tendency to assume parents are the abusers, but this is not always the case. Other adults, such as relatives or family friends, can also be perpetrators of child abuse. It's important to investigate all potential suspects when child abuse is suspected.

A and C are incorrect because there is often not a clear consensus on what constitutes child neglect or abuse, and definitions can vary by state and culture.

Question 10

According to Piaget,at about age two,children begin to use which of the following in their thinking?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children begin to use symbols in their thinking at about age two. This is known as the preoperational stage, where children's thinking is characterized by the use of symbols (such as words and images) to represent objects and events. Abstractions and comparisons are more advanced cognitive skills that develop later in childhood and beyond. Operations refer to the ability to mentally manipulate objects and ideas and are also a more advanced stage of cognitive development. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 11

What is the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Accidents, including car accidents, drowning, fires, and falls, are the leading cause of death for children aged 1-14 in the United States.

Question 12

Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of child abuse?

Accepted Answer

Parental depression has been consistently associated with an increased risk of child abuse. Full-time employment and families with only one child have not been consistently linked to higher rates of child abuse. Higher intelligence in the child has not been found to be a risk factor for child abuse.

Question 13

Parents can expect their preschoolers to get a cold

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers, due to their developing immune systems and high exposure to other children, often get colds more frequently than adults. It's common for them to experience 6-7 colds a year.

Question 14

Stephen was abused before being placed in foster care.He frequently has nightmares about the abuse and even has flashbacks of the abuse during the day.He has difficulty concentrating at school and is falling behind academically.From which of the following is Stephen likely suffering?

Accepted Answer

Stephen's symptoms of nightmares, flashbacks, difficulty concentrating, and falling behind academically are all indicative of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which commonly occurs in individuals who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, such as abuse. While the other options may also be present in individuals who have experienced abuse, they do not fully account for all of Stephen's symptoms.

Question 15

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by symbolic representation and egocentrism?

Accepted Answer

The preoperational stage, which occurs between ages 2 and 7, is characterized by symbolic representation, language development, and egocentrism. During this stage, children have difficulty understanding different perspectives and struggle to see things from viewpoints other than their own.

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics increases the risk that a child would be abused?

Accepted Answer

Children who are perceived as difficult or have a difficult temperament are at a higher risk of being abused as their behavior may be stressful for caregivers, leading to frustration and anger. Taller and heavier children are not necessarily at a higher risk of abuse, while higher intelligence and a high activity level may actually serve as protective factors.

Question 17

The understanding that one object or behavior can represent another defines which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

The function that is defined by the understanding that one object or behavior can represent another is called semiotic. Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation. Thus, option B - Semiotic is the correct answer.

Question 18

When Mickey was five,he gave his mother a dead frog for her birthday.Mickey didn't understand why his mother didn't like her gift,because he thought the frog was cool.This represents what type of thinking?

Accepted Answer

Mickey's thinking is only considering his own perspective and not taking his mother's feelings or preferences into account, which is characteristic of egocentric thinking.

Question 19

All of the children on Hazel Street have spent the morning building a tree house from scraps of wood and other building materials acquired from a nearby construction site.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Constructive play involves using materials to create something, which is exactly what the children on Hazel Street are doing by building a tree house from scraps of wood and other building materials. The other options - sensorimotor play, substitute pretend play, and sociodramatic play - do not accurately describe the activity of building a tree house.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a sociocultural influence that could make physical abuse of children more likely?

Accepted Answer

The belief that children are property can make physical abuse more likely as it suggests that children are not valuable in themselves, but rather belong to their parents or guardians to use as they see fit. This mindset can lead to a lack of empathy and disregard for the well-being of the child, making it more likely that they will be physically abused. The other choices (A: belief in children's rights, B: social norms for humane treatment of children, D: stressful employment conditions) could potentially reduce the likelihood of physical abuse by promoting empathy, respect, and positive coping strategies.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood