Question 1

Which statement about the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract infections is true?

Accepted Answer

Any obstruction of urinary outflow decreases the bladder's resistance to bacterial infection, as it can lead to stasis of urine and reduce the natural flushing mechanism of the bladder. This can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection. The low osmolarity of urine actually promotes bacterial growth in the bladder, and IgA does not facilitate adherence of bacteria to the bladder wall. The presence of IgA in women can actually help to combat bacterial invasion of the bladder.

Question 2

Which type of stone in the case of urolithiasis is associated with indwelling catheters?

Accepted Answer

Struvite stones are also known as infection stones because they are commonly associated with chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria. Indwelling catheters provide a conducive environment for bacterial growth and can lead to the formation of struvite stones. Calcium stones are the most common type of stone but are not specifically associated with indwelling catheters. Uric acid and cystine stones can form in individuals with metabolic disorders but are not specifically associated with catheters.

Question 3

Which statements made by a student nurse demonstrate an understanding of the clinical presentation for lower urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

D,E

Question 4

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the epidemiology of urolithiasis. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further learning?

Accepted Answer

The incidence of urolithiasis in women peaks in the fourth decade of life, not the late fifties. Therefore, the student nurse needs further learning. A, B, and C are correct statements about the epidemiology of urolithiasis.

Question 5

Which type of renal calculi is caused by a genetic disorder associated with the faulty metabolism of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Cystine stones are caused by a genetic disorder called cystinuria. This condition affects the metabolism of the amino acid cystine, leading to the formation of stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Cystine stones account for approximately 1-2% of all kidney stones. Calcium stones are the most common type of kidney stone, accounting for 80% of cases, while uric acid stones are formed when the urine is too acidic, and struvite stones are associated with bacterial infections in the urinary tract.

Question 6

A nurse is caring for an older adult with a urinary tract infection (UTI). A spinal injury has necessitated the long-term use of an indwelling urinary catheter in this client. Which is the most likely complication that the nurse would anticipate in this client?

Accepted Answer

Urosepsis is a serious complication of UTIs in clients with indwelling urinary catheters. Bladder cancer is also a potential complication, as the indwelling catheter can irritate the bladder lining and increase the risk of cancer development.

Question 7

What is the rate of recurrence of urolithiasis within 5 years after it occurs in a client for the first time?

Accepted Answer

The rate of recurrence of urolithiasis within 5 years after it occurs in a client for the first time is 35%.

Question 8

Which type of calculi in the ureter is found most often in clients with spinal cord injuries?

Accepted Answer

Struvite stones are most often associated with urinary tract infections, which are common in clients with spinal cord injuries due to neurogenic bladder and other urinary retention issues. These stones are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate.

Question 9

Which statement by the nurse to a client demonstrates an understanding of the factors responsible for the formation of different types of ureter stones?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement by the nurse to a...

Question 10

A student nurse is comparing treatment methods for urolithiasis and urinary incontinence. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates proper understanding of the treatment methods?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student nurse is comparing treatment methods...

Question 11

Which is the most common cause of urinary obstruction in men older than 60 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of urinary obstruction in men over 60 years of age. BPH is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can compress the urethra and cause difficulty with urination. Cancers of the pelvic organs and kidney stones can also cause urinary obstruction but are less common than BPH in this age group. Genetic mutations are not a known cause of urinary obstruction.

Question 12

Which situation makes an individual susceptible to developing a lower urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Vesicoureteral reflux (C) increases the risk of a UTI by allowing urine to flow back from the bladder to the ureters, potentially introducing bacteria to the kidneys. Urease-secreting bacteria (D) can also increase the risk of UTIs by breaking down urea into ammonia, which can irritate the urinary tract and make it more hospitable to bacteria. Therefore, both situations (C and D) make an individual susceptible to developing a lower UTI.

Question 13

How much urine can the urinary bladder usually hold?

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder can usually hold 300 to 400 mL of urine before it needs to be emptied. Option A (150 to 250 mL) is too low, option C (450 to 550 mL) is too high, and option D (600 to 700 mL) is even higher and could indicate urinary retention, which is a medical condition.

Question 14

Which factors will a nurse identify to be associated with the formation of struvite stones, after comparing struvite stones with calcium stones?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factors will a nurse identify to...

Question 15

Which observation is associated with the nonulcerative type of interstitial cystitis (IC)?

Accepted Answer

Nonulcerative interstitial cystitis is characterized by both thinning of the bladder mucosa (A) and the presence of hemorrhages on the bladder wall when the bladder is distended (B). These are common findings in this type of IC, distinguishing it from the ulcerative form, which is marked by Hunner's ulcers.

Question 16

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the epidemiology of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which statement made by a student nurse indicates a need for further learning?

Accepted Answer

The statement that up to 40% of men aged 20 to 40 years have suffered a UTI is incorrect as the incidence of UTI in men is much lower than in women. Men only account for 5-8% of all UTI cases.

Question 17

Which factor does the nurse identify to be responsible for potentially lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young men?

Accepted Answer

Both lack of circumcision and anal intercourse can contribute to a higher risk of urinary tract infections in young men. Lack of circumcision may lead to a higher prevalence of bacteria that can cause UTIs, while anal intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urethra.

Question 18

How long does a typical wave of renal colic last?

Accepted Answer

A typical wave of renal colic can last between 20 to 60 minutes. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D have durations that are either too short or too long for a typical wave of renal colic.

Question 19

Which is a risk factor for both bacterial and fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a risk factor for both...

Question 20

Which diagnostic procedures are used for the detection of interstitial cystitis (IC) in females?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which diagnostic procedures are used for the...

Quiz 23: Urological Disorders