Question 1

Which unique respiratory infection is caused by a resilient bacterial organism that can remain dormant in the body?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis which can remain dormant in the body for years, and can reactivate later causing active disease. This resilience is due to the bacteria's ability to reside within macrophages in a dormant state known as latency. This can make TB difficult to diagnose and treat. Dyspnea, pulmonary aspiration, and cough are not caused by a resilient bacterial organism that can remain dormant in the body.

Question 2

)Which symptom is related to tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

Night sweats and hemoptysis are both common symptoms of tuberculosis. Cachexia may also be present in advanced cases, but it is not specific to TB.

Question 3

Which condition results in lung tissue filling up with fluid or pus, inflammatory cells, and fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia is characterized by the accumulation of fluid or pus, inflammatory cells, and fibrin in the lung tissue, leading to respiratory symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Acute bronchitis, tracheitis, and acute rhinitis do not typically involve fluid or pus accumulation in the lung tissue.

Question 4

The primary health-care provider orders decongestants for a client. Which condition may be present?

Accepted Answer

Decongestants are often used to relieve symptoms of sinusitis, which is inflammation of the sinuses due to infection or allergy. They work by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages, which reduces swelling and congestion. Decongestants are not typically used to treat tonsillitis, rhinitis, or pharyngitis.

Question 5

Which bacterium is responsible for pneumonia in a client with HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jiroveci (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii) is a common cause of pneumonia (PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia) in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS.

Question 6

While going through the physical assessment finding of a particular client, the primary health-care provider observes facial pain in the client. The client complains that the pain gets worse when he or she leans forward. What inference can the primary health-care provider draw from these findings?

Accepted Answer

Facial pain that worsens on leaning forward is a classic symptom of sinusitis, which is an inflammation or infection of the sinuses. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the pharynx, while epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis. Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of the tonsils, but it would not typically cause facial pain that worsens on leaning forward.

Question 7

While going through one of the client prescriptions, the nurse finds that the primary health-care provider has prescribed antihistamines and antipyretics. The nurse observes that a corticosteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray has also been advised in the prescription. What condition can the nurse infer from the prescription?

Accepted Answer

The prescription of antihistamines, antipyretics, and a corticosteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray suggests the treatment of rhinitis, which is an inflammation of the nasal cavity lining caused by allergies, infections, or irritants. Pharyngitis and tonsillitis typically present with sore throat, and sinusitis presents with symptoms related to sinus congestion and pain.

Question 8

On assessing the physical findings of a client, the nurse discovers that the client has red, swollen, inflamed pharynx and tonsils. What condition can the nurse suspect from the findings?

Accepted Answer

Red, swollen, inflamed pharynx and tonsils are hallmark signs of epiglottitis, a potentially life-threatening condition where the epiglottis becomes inflamed and can block the airway. Laryngitis typically presents with hoarseness and cough, acute bronchitis with productive cough and wheezing, and lung abscess with cough, fever, and weight loss.

Question 9

Which test involves the continuous monitoring of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Pulse oximetry involves the continuous monitoring of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin by placing a medical device called a pulse oximeter on a patient's finger or earlobe. This test is non-invasive and provides quick and reliable results. A bronchoscopy is an invasive test that uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the airways, while a computed tomography scan is a type of imaging test. Arterial blood gases test involve drawing a blood sample from an artery to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, which is more invasive than pulse oximetry.

Question 10

While examining a client, the primary health-care provider finds that the client has symptoms that include cough, fever, and sore throat, and general malaise. Physical assessment findings include mucus production and rhonchi. Which treatment should the primary health-care provider administer to the client?

Accepted Answer

The combination of cough, fever, sore throat, and mucus production suggests a respiratory infection. Rhonchi indicate airway obstruction, which could be caused by bronchospasm. Antibiotics may be necessary to treat a bacterial infection, and a bronchodilator can relieve bronchospasm.

Question 11

A client is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Which medication should the primary health-care provider prescribe as a treatment?

Accepted Answer

Allergic rhinitis is commonly treated with corticosteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray, which helps to reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and relieve symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing. Penicillin is an antibiotic, which is not effective in treating allergic rhinitis. Intravenous fluids are typically reserved for patients with severe dehydration and not used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer, which may help to alleviate some symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis, but it is not a primary treatment for the condition.

Question 12

While studying the vocal resonance in the client's physical assessment report, the nurse observes that the egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are bringing out crackle in the client. Which condition can the nurse infer from the readings?

Accepted Answer

Egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are tests used to assess vocal resonance, and the presence of crackles indicates the presence of lung consolidation, which is a hallmark sign of pneumonia. Acute bronchitis may also present with crackles, but it is not typically severe enough to cause vocal resonance changes. Lung abscess and TB may also cause crackles, but they are less common than pneumonia.

Question 13

The nursing instructor is teaching student nurses about the pathophysiology of tuberculosis (TB). Which statement confirms proper learning of the student nurse?

Accepted Answer

The cheese-like necrotic lung tissue is called the caseous necrosis.

Question 14

A client admitted with a lung abscess has developed an area of pulmonary tissue necrosis. What is the most appropriate treatment to manage this complication?

Accepted Answer

Surgical treatment is the most appropriate to manage an area of pulmonary tissue necrosis. This may involve removing the affected tissue through surgery to prevent further complications. Adequate hydration, nutrition, humidified oxygen, and intravenous fluids may be required as supportive therapy but are not sufficient to manage the necrotic tissue.

Question 15

Which is the process of coughing up sputum?

Accepted Answer

Expectoration is the process of coughing up sputum, which is the mucus and other material that is brought up from the lungs and airways.

Answer: B, C, D are incorrect choices as they are not related to the process of coughing up sputum.

B) Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood. 
C) Atelectasis is the collapse of part or all of a lung. 
D) Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.

Question 16

Which pulmonary condition is caused by infiltration of bacteria, resulting in a localized area of purulent inflammation, tissue necrosis, and central area of liquefaction?

Accepted Answer

The description matches the classic presentation of a lung abscess, caused by bacterial infection, resulting in a localized area of pus or purulent inflammation, and tissue necrosis. The central area of liquefaction is due to the breakdown of tissue, forming a cavity filled with pus. Myringitis is inflammation of the eardrum, tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection that can affect multiple organs including the lungs, and tracheitis is inflammation of the trachea.

Question 17

In the prescription of a client, the nurse observes treatment involving decongestants, antihistamines, saline sprays, and heated mists. Which condition, according to the nurse, can be treated by these types of medications?

Accepted Answer

Decongestants, antihistamines, saline sprays, and heated mists are commonly used to treat sinusitis, which is an inflammation of the sinuses often caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Pharyngitis is inflammation of the throat, tracheitis is inflammation of the windpipe, and acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, and while some of these medications may provide some relief for symptoms, they are not typically used as primary treatments for these conditions.

Question 18

The nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about pneumonia. Which statement shows proper learning about pneumonia by the nursing students?

Accepted Answer

Option A is the only statement that is accurate and true. While option B and C contain some true information, they are not entirely accurate. HAP can develop within 48 hours of hospitalization but not necessarily immediately upon admission. Pseudomonas can cause pneumonia in certain cases, but not all pneumonia is caused by this microorganism. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it is a completely accurate statement.

Question 19

The nursing instructor is teaching the student nurses about the origin and risk factors leading to lung abscess. Which statement confirms proper learning of the student nurse about the subject?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nursing instructor is teaching the student...

Question 20

The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about acute sinusitis. Which statement by the student indicates proper learning about sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Acute sinusitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or both, leading to inflammation and infection of the sinuses.

Quiz 20: Respiratory Inflammation and Infection