Question 1

What advice would you give to parents who want their infants to become securely attached to them?

Accepted Answer

The best way for parents to ensure that their infants become securely attached to them is by responding to their infants predictably and sensitively. This means consistently responding to their needs, effectively soothing them when they are upset, and being attentive to their signals and cues. The other choices (A, B, and C) are not effective or recommended ways to promote secure attachment.

Question 2

Which infant is most likely to form a secure attachment?

Accepted Answer

Infants who have parents that respond predictably and appropriately to their needs are more likely to form a secure attachment. This consistent and sensitive caregiving provides a secure base for the infant to explore from and return to when needed, leading to the development of a secure attachment.

Question 3

Who is LEAST likely to develop a secure attachment relationship?

Accepted Answer

Children with difficult temperaments have a harder time developing secure attachments, and having a caregiver with a rigid personality can further hinder the development of this attachment. Therefore, Carlie, who has both a difficult temperament and a mother with a rigid personality, is least likely to develop a secure attachment relationship.

Question 4

As infants, Nate was securely attached and Will was insecurely attached. In their preschool years, you would expect to find

Accepted Answer

Research shows that infants who were securely attached tend to demonstrate better social skills, including better relationships with peers, as they grow older. In contrast, insecurely attached children may have difficulty with social relationships and may experience social anxiety. Therefore, it is likely that Nate, who is securely attached, will interact more confidently and successfully with his peers than Will, who is insecurely attached.

Question 5

__________ is used to study attachment relationships.

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is a laboratory procedure used to evaluate infants' attachment relationships with their primary caregivers. It involves a series of separations and reunions between the infant and caregiver, with the presence of a stranger and the infant's response to their departure and return being observed and coded. A, B, and C may be related to developmental psychology as well, but they do not specifically pertain to the study of attachment relationships.

Question 6

When Aida's mother left her with a new babysitter, Aida was not upset. When her mother returned, Aida ignored her. Aida appears to have a(n) __________ attachment to her mother.

Accepted Answer

Aida's behavior of ignoring her mother upon return is indicative of an avoidant attachment style. Children with avoidant attachment tend to show little to no distress when separated from their caregivers and avoid them upon return, often because they have learned that their needs won't be consistently met.

Question 7

The set of expectations that infants form about parents' availability and responsiveness generally and in times of stress is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The set of expectations that infants form about parents' availability and responsiveness generally and in times of stress is referred to as an internal working model. This internal working model is a crucial aspect of attachment theory and can impact an individual's relationships and emotions throughout their life.

Answer: D 
 Social referencing refers to a developmental milestone where infants begin to look towards a caregiver for cues on how to react to various situations or stimuli. While social referencing is not the same as an internal working model, it can be influenced by the quality of attachment a child has with their caregiver(s) and can impact the formation of an internal working model in early childhood.

Question 8

Children who had secure attachments as infants

Accepted Answer

Children who had secure attachments as infants tend to develop better social skills, including better communication and problem-solving abilities, which may lead to more satisfying relationships later in life. Option B, C, and D are not supported by research on the effects of secure attachments on later social relationships.

Question 9

When 1-year-old Hayley's mother left her in an unfamiliar room, Hayley cried. When her mother returned, Hayley wanted to be held for a minute, but then wanted to get down and play. Hayley appears to have an __________ attachment to her mother.

Accepted Answer

Hayley's behavior suggests a secure attachment. She cried when her mother left, indicating a desire for her presence, but was able to be comforted and then move on to explore and play once her mother returned, showing a confident attachment style.

Question 10

Fathers

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that fathers are more likely to engage in physical play with their babies than mothers. This is sometimes referred to as "rough and tumble play" and is thought to be important for children's social and cognitive development. While fathers may be just as involved in comforting their babies as mothers, they tend to do so in different ways (such as by playing and distracting the child rather than directly soothing them). It is not accurate to say that fathers spend more time taking care of their children than playing with them, as this can vary widely depending on individual families and situations.

Question 11

The majority of American babies have __________ attachment relationships.

Accepted Answer

The majority of American babies have secure attachment relationships. Research has shown that about 60-65% of infants in the United States have secure attachment relationships with their caregivers, while the remaining 35-40% have some degree of insecure attachment. Within the insecure attachment category, the prevalence rates for avoidant, resistant, and disorganized/disoriented attachment are roughly equal.

Question 12

One-year-old Celia has come to expect that when she cries, her mother will respond quickly and take good care of her. One-year-old Shannon doesn't know what her mother's reaction to her cries will be. Celia and Shannon differ in their

Accepted Answer

Celia and Shannon differ in their internal working models, which are mental representations of their relationship with their caregivers. Celia has developed an internal working model in which she expects that her mother will be consistently responsive to her needs, while Shannon does not have a clear understanding of what her mother's response will be when she cries.

Question 13

Which of the following children is LEAST likely to develop a secure attachment relationship?

Accepted Answer

Amit is least likely to develop a secure attachment relationship because he lives in a dormitory with older children and receives inconsistent attention when he gets upset at night. These factors indicate an environment that is not conducive to developing a secure attachment relationship.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the patterns of attachment worldwide?

Accepted Answer

In Japan, resistant attachment is more common than avoidant attachment, which contrasts with the statement given. This is due to cultural differences in caregiving practices and expectations.

Question 15

Infants usually form attachments

Accepted Answer

Infants can form attachments to both mothers and fathers or other primary caregivers who provide them with consistent care and attention. Research suggests that infants tend to form stronger attachments to caregivers who are sensitive and responsive to their needs.

Question 16

A secure attachment is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A secure attachment is most likely to occur when parents are sensitive and responsive to their baby. When parents consistently provide comfort, support, and reassurance to their child, the child develops a secure attachment to them. This type of attachment promotes healthy social and emotional development, as well as fostering a sense of trust and security in the child's relationships. Spending a lot of time with the child may be beneficial, but it is not enough if the parent is not responsive and sensitive to the child's needs. Inconsistent parenting can lead to an insecure attachment, and a difficult temperament in the child may make it more challenging to establish a secure attachment, but it is not impossible with sensitive and responsive parenting.

Question 17

A researcher conducts a study using the Strange Situation. The researcher is studying

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is a procedure used to assess attachment relationships between infants and their caregivers. Therefore, the researcher is studying attachment relationships.

Question 18

When Kylie's mother left her at the babysitter's house, Kylie was upset and cried. When Kylie's mother returned, Kylie was still angry and would not be consoled by her mother. Which type of attachment does Kylie seem to have?

Accepted Answer

Kylie's behavior suggests that she has a resistant attachment style, which is characterized by being upset when separated from a caregiver, being resistant to comfort when the caregiver returns, and expressing anger towards the caregiver.

Question 19

Annie has a disorganized disoriented attachment relationship with her mother. In the Strange Situation she

Accepted Answer

Disorganized disoriented attachment is characterized by confusion and lack of a clear attachment strategy, leading to unpredictable and disoriented behavior in the Strange Situation.

Question 20

If Bill and Mary are typical parents of a baby, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fathers often engage more in play activities with their children, while mothers may take on more caregiving roles. This doesn't mean fathers don't care for their children or that mothers don't play with them, but there is a tendency for fathers to spend a higher proportion of their interaction time in play.

Quiz 10: Emotional Development