Question 1

The textbook suggests that each of the following is involved in helping hardy people rebound from difficulty or stress,

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

________________ models suggest that there may be some underlying genetic or constitutional factor that influences both personality and disease.

Accepted Answer

Constitutional predisposition models propose that there may be a genetic or inherent factor that predisposes individuals to both certain personality traits and diseases. This suggests that personality and health outcomes may be linked through underlying biological mechanisms.

Question 3

In theorizing about the nature of hardiness, early research suggested that executives who stayed healthy in the face of stress were higher in the three C's. All of the following are among the "three C's" EXETPT

Accepted Answer

The three C's of hardiness are Control, Commitment, and Challenge. Caring is not one of the three C's.

Question 4

Summarizing several research studies that looked at what allows resilient people to recover faster from stressful situations, the textbook suggests that the key component may well be their ability to regulate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarizing several research studies that looked at...

Question 5

You are involved in conducting a study of health, and dividing your groups based on their scores on a trait test that includes Neuroticism and sensation seeking. It is most likely that you are doing research into the _________________ model.

Accepted Answer

The transactional stress moderation model is focused on how personality traits such as neuroticism and sensation seeking interact with stress to impact health outcomes. This model views stress as a transaction between an individual and their environment, where the way a person perceives and responds to stressors can have consequences for their health. Dividing groups based on scores on a trait test aligns with the transactional stress moderation model, as it seeks to understand how personality traits may moderate the relationship between stress and health.

Question 6

Recent research has suggested that all of the following roles are played by positive emotions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research has suggested that all of...

Question 7

A research group is looking at the effects of optimism vs. pessimism on the number of killer T-cells in an individual's immune system. Likely, they are working on the ___________ model of the impact of personality on health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A research group is looking at the...

Question 8

According to _________ models, some personality traits, like Neuroticism or sensation seeking, may influence a person's exposure to stressful or dangerous circumstances.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to _________ models, some personality traits,...

Question 9

The textbook lists four models that have been proposed to explain how personality impacts health. All of the following are included in that list

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook lists four models that have...

Question 10

Robins et al identified three personality types, which differed in the extent to which they were able to regulate their own behaviors. Those types included all of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robins et al identified three personality types,...

Question 11

Maddi and his colleagues have observed that people high in hardiness turn potentially stressful situations into something less threatening and ultimately even growth enhancing with what they term _________ coping.

Accepted Answer

The term used by Maddi and his colleagues to describe the coping style of people high in hardiness is "transformational coping". This type of coping involves transforming potentially stressful situations into opportunities for personal growth and development. This aligns with the description given in the question about how individuals high in hardiness can turn these situations into something less threatening and growth-enhancing. Therefore, Option C, transformational, is the correct answer. Options A, B, and D are not consistent with the described features of hardiness coping.

Question 12

Based on the research of Maddi, et al, if you were asked to set up a program for middle managers in a company to reduce their likelihood of stress and burnout, you would want to be sure to include

Accepted Answer

Maddi's research focuses on transformational coping, which involves changing one's mindset and approach to stressors rather than avoiding or eliminating them. Therefore, training in transformational coping would be the most appropriate choice for reducing middle managers' stress and burnout. While relaxation training and meditation may be beneficial for managing stress, they do not address the root causes or help individuals develop coping strategies. Nutrition may be important for overall health, but it is not directly related to stress and burnout in the workplace.

Question 13

In comparing positive with negative emotions, all of the following have been discovered

Accepted Answer

The answer of In comparing positive with negative emotions, all...

Question 14

The term ________ refers to the ability to recover from tragedy, adversity, hardship, or to adapt to ongoing life stressors.

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the term used to describe the ability of an individual to recover from tragedy, adversity, or ongoing stressors. Mental toughness may be related to resilience but does not fully capture the ability to adapt and recover from stressful events. Recovery strength and adaptability are related to resilience, but they are not the commonly used term for this concept.

Question 15

According to _____________ models, some people, like those higher in Consciousness or with an internal locus of control, adopt a healthier lifestyle and take better care of themselves such as eating a healthy diet, exercising, and not smoking.

Accepted Answer

Health behavior models suggest that individual characteristics, such as personality traits and locus of control, can influence an individual's health behaviors and adoption of a healthier lifestyle. Higher levels of consciousness and internal locus of control are associated with healthier behaviors such as eating a healthy diet, exercising, and not smoking. Therefore, the best choice for this question is option D, health behavior.

Question 16

Hans Selye applied the term _______ to individuals who experienced high levels of stress without becoming ill.

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye applied the term "hardy" to individuals who experienced high levels of stress without becoming ill. These individuals were characterized by having a sense of commitment to their work, a belief that they could control their environment, and a view of stress as a challenge rather than a threat.

Question 17

The term ego-resilience used to be used to refer to the ability to modify one's response to meet the requirements of a stressful situation and to return to one's characteristic level of self-regulation after a stressor. Researchers today refer to this concept as

Accepted Answer

The term ego-resilience is now commonly referred to as trait resilience. It refers to an individual's ability to adapt and cope with stressors and return to their typical level of self-regulation. This concept is distinct from ego strength, which refers to an individual's overall sense of self-esteem and self-worth. Trait strength and self-strength are not commonly used terms in the field of psychology.

Question 18

The textbook lists four potential responses to trauma and includes all of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook lists four potential responses to...

Question 19

The textbook lists all of the following as problems with the concept of hardiness

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook lists all of the following...

Question 20

________________ models suggest that personality characteristics modify physiological responses by reducing or increasing them.

Accepted Answer

Interactional stress moderation models propose that personality traits can influence how an individual responds to stress, potentially moderating (either reducing or increasing) physiological reactions to stressors. This concept is based on the idea that the interaction between personality and stressors can affect health outcomes.

Quiz 13: Resilience: an Integrative