Question 1

Within the scientific method, in order for a theory to prevail it must

Accepted Answer

A theory must be supported by evidence in order to be considered valid within the scientific community. While popularity may influence public opinion, it is not a determining factor in scientific validation. Falsification of other theories is important but not necessarily required for a theory to prevail. Theories that are based on hunches or unsupported assumptions are not considered valid within the scientific method.

Question 2

Some research suggests that all of the following ________ are related to neurological differences which may be present at birth or develop soon after.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

As a researcher you are interested in how your subjects will behave in a laboratory situation. You will be interested in collecting what type of data?

Accepted Answer

In a laboratory situation, researchers typically collect test data, which involves observing and measuring subjects' behaviors and responses under controlled conditions.

Question 4

According to _______ theory, when people feel free to choose, are competent at what they do, and are connected to people around them, they will be motivated and self-directed for the task at hand.

Accepted Answer

This description aligns with self-determination theory, which argues that motivation is enhanced when individuals feel autonomous (free to choose), competent (able to perform their tasks), and related (connected to others around them). Self-efficacy theory focuses more specifically on an individual's belief in their ability to succeed at a task, while free will and psychodynamic theories are not directly related to motivation in this way.

Question 5

_________ help scientists ask new questions and suggest both where to look for answers and what kinds of answers they might find.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ help scientists ask new questions and...

Question 6

Psychological research relies on ________________, which describes how to make and test observations about the world in order to draw conclusions while minimizing error or bias.

Accepted Answer

The scientific method is the framework that psychological research relies on for making and testing observations about the world in order to draw conclusions while minimizing error or bias. Intuition may be a starting point for generating hypotheses, but it is not a reliable method for testing or proving theories. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge and belief, and while it is relevant to psychology, it is not the methodological framework that psychological research relies upon. Clinical methodology pertains to the specific methods and techniques used in clinical psychology, which is just one subfield of psychology.

Question 7

A person's typical way of thinking, feeling, and acting, in various situations, at different times are known as her/his _______.

Accepted Answer

Traits refer to a person's enduring patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought, which are thought to be relatively stable across different situations and time. Traits are considered to be relatively fixed and are believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Question 8

Which of the following is considered as medium correlation?

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of .43 is considered medium correlation. A correlation coefficient of .25 is considered weak correlation, while coefficients of .62 and .81 are considered strong correlations.

Question 9

Most psychologists agree that to understand personality we need to understand all of the following

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most psychologists agree that to understand personality...

Question 10

The statistic indicated by the symbol "r" is called the

Accepted Answer

The statistic indicated by the symbol "r" is typically used to denote the Pearson correlation coefficient, which measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. Therefore, the correct choice is C, correlation coefficient. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate descriptions of the statistic represented by "r."

Question 11

Self and ________ encompass our own sense of who we are including our self-concept and self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

The word "self" refers to our own sense of identity and self-concept. The blank should be filled with a word that encompasses these concepts, and "identity" is the best choice from the options provided. Ego refers to a more narrow sense of self centered on our personal needs and desires. Traits and personality refer to specific aspects of ourselves rather than our overall sense of identity.

Question 12

________________ is a personality trait that describes how anxious and vulnerable to negative emotions a person is.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is the personality trait that describes how anxious and vulnerable to negative emotions a person is. Anxiety refers specifically to feelings of worry or apprehension, while psychoticism is a personality trait associated with aggression and antisocial behavior. The Oedipal complex is a psychoanalytic theory related to a child's sexual attraction to their parent of the opposite gender.

Question 13

The most widely used method in personality research is (are)

Accepted Answer

Self-report scales and questionnaires are the most widely used method in personality research because they are efficient, cost-effective, and relatively easy to administer. They also allow researchers to gather data directly from the individual being studied, providing insight into their subjective experiences and perceptions.

Question 14

The textbook states that many personality variables have a genetic component. It also suggests that _____________ have (has) an environmental component.

Accepted Answer

Personality variables often have both genetic and environmental components. The statement implies that every one of them has an environmental component, highlighting the significant role of environment in shaping personality alongside genetics.

Question 15

Freud suggested that physical disorders often have _________ causes that are ________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that physical disorders can have psychological causes that are unconscious, such as repressed emotions or unresolved conflicts. He developed the concept of psychosomatic illness, where psychological factors can manifest as physical symptoms. Therefore, option C (psychological; unconscious) is the best choice.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT generally done when conducting a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies do not involve the manipulation of variables; rather, they observe and examine the relationship between two or more variables. Calculating the "r" value, observing two variables, and studying genetic variables are all common practices in correlational research.

Question 17

All of the following are part of a true experiment

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are part of...

Question 18

It is suggested in Chapter 1 that one human universal is the desire for __________(i.e. to develop and express our individual identity).

Accepted Answer

The term used in the question, "to develop and express our individual identity," refers to the concept of self-actualization. Self-actualization is a key component of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and it is considered a universal human desire to reach one's full potential and achieve a sense of personal fulfillment. Therefore, option D, actualization, is the best choice.

Question 19

A good starting point for the development of a hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

The answer of A good starting point for the development...

Question 20

In terms of levels of personality, the textbook suggests that genes are on the ______-level.

Accepted Answer

Genes are on the micro-level of personality because they are at the smallest level of analysis, dealing with specific genetic information. Macro-level factors are broader, societal influences on personality such as culture or historical events, while meta-level factors relate to philosophical or theoretical assumptions about personality. Subconscious factors are not a level of personality, as they refer to the hidden or unconscious aspects of the mind.

Quiz 1: Who Am I Understanding the Building Blocks of Personality