Question 1

Research on the relationship between parents' disciplinary styles and children's moral maturity reveals that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents' use of inductive discipline, which involves reasoning and explaining the consequences of actions, is associated with promoting the moral maturity of most children. Additionally, children who have a history of good conduct are more likely to be disciplined inductively by their parents.

Question 2

Describe the evidence Kohlberg and colleagues use to argue that Kohlberg's levels and stages of moral reasoning are cultural universals. What evidence is there which implies that not all aspects of moral development are so universal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the evidence Kohlberg and colleagues use...

Question 3

Both parents and peers can foster the growth of moral reasoning by discussing moral issues with a child or an adolescent. What approach might peers take to foster the moral growth of their discussion partners? Is this same approach effective when used by parents? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both parents and peers can foster the...

Question 4

When asked "What is the winning disciplinary formula for promoting moral maturity?" Martin Hoffman's research implies that he would say _____ .

Accepted Answer

Martin Hoffman's research suggests that the winning disciplinary formula for promoting moral maturity involves frequent inductions, occasional power-assertion, and lots of affection. This means that parents should provide clear explanations of why certain behaviors are wrong (inductions), use punishments sparingly but when necessary (power-assertion), and consistently show love and support towards their children (affection). This approach is more effective than using frequent love-withdrawal or frequent power assertions alone.

Question 5

It is now clear that cognitive rationales enhance the effectiveness of many forms of punishment. How would an attribution theorist explain this finding?

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is now clear that cognitive rationales...

Question 6

How would modern conscience theorists like Kochanska criticize Freud's theory of Oedipal morality? In their view, what is the most effective parental strategy to foster the early development of an internalized conscience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would modern conscience theorists like Kochanska...

Question 7

Although inductive discipline appears to promote moral internalization for most children, there are those for whom it doesn't work so well. Who are these latter children and what have we learned about temperament, discipline, and moral internalization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although inductive discipline appears to promote moral...

Question 8

What must children acquire before empathy becomes a consistent mediator of altruistic responses? Describe the research that supports this line of reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What must children acquire before empathy becomes...

Question 9

Kochanska’s recent research examining parenting X temperament interactions and children’s moral internalization found that patterns of parenting during the child’s _______ year had the most influence on children’s moral development because _______.

Accepted Answer

Kochanska's research found that patterns of parenting during the child's second year had the most influence on children's moral development because this is when toddlers develop (or fail to develop) a mutually cooperative orientation toward parents.

Question 10

From the perspective of social-learning theory, which argues that we tend to repeat acts that are reinforced or benefit us, describe at least two ways in which individuals might come to perform costly prosocial acts that produce no apparent benefits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the perspective of social-learning theory, which...

Question 11

When asked what kinds of discipline they favor (or view as most appropriate), children prefer that adults

Accepted Answer

According to research, children prefer discipline techniques that are primarily inductive, meaning they focus on reasoning and explaining the situation rather than punishment. However, some situations may require a brief use of power-assertive techniques (such as a time-out or loss of privileges) to reinforce the message. This approach balances empathy and understanding with clear expectations and boundaries.

Question 12

Kochanska finds that inductive discipline works especially well at promoting
the moral internalization of _____ children, whereas induction is a poor fit
for _____ children, who respond more positively to a secure, cooperative
relationship with the parent.

Accepted Answer

Kochanska's research indicates that inductive discipline is particularly effective for children who are naturally fearful, as it helps them internalize moral values through understanding and empathy. Fearless children, on the other hand, may not respond as well to inductive discipline and benefit more from a secure and cooperative relationship with their parents, which helps them internalize moral values through trust and connection.

Question 13

Kochanska's recent research on temperament, discipline, and moral development revealed that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kochanska's recent research on temperament, discipline, and...

Question 14

Investigators have been reporting findings that challenge Piaget's theory of moral development. Briefly discuss two such findings and indicate why they present problems for Piaget's theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Investigators have been reporting findings that challenge...

Question 15

According to Martin Hoffman, _____ discipline is most effective at promoting
children's moral maturity.

Accepted Answer

Martin Hoffman's theory of moral development proposes that children's moral maturity progresses from external control to internal regulation through a process called "internalization." The inductive discipline is the most effective. Inductive discipline involves explaining the reasons for the disciplinary action, promoting empathy for others, and involving children in problem-solving. This approach promotes internalization, as children learn to regulate their behavior based on an understanding of the consequences of their actions and empathy for others.

Question 16

Describe two lines of evidence to support the proposition that "Parents are more likely to promote a prosocial orientation in their children if they encourage prosocial acts and practice what they preach."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two lines of evidence to support...

Question 17

Childrearing studies suggest that _____ discipline may inhibit children's moral development, whereas _____ discipline is not consistently related to children's moral maturity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Childrearing studies suggest that _____ discipline may...

Question 18

What factors seem to account for the sizable cross-cultural variations in prosocial conduct that the Whitings observed in their study? What do Chinese children think about taking credit for their prosocial behavior, given that prosocial conduct seems to be almost obligatory for them?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors seem to account for the...

Question 19

Induction may be effective at promoting children's moral development because

Accepted Answer

Inductive techniques illustrate and integrate several aspects of morality, such as empathy, fairness, and concern for others. This approach helps children understand not just what is right or wrong but also why some actions are desirable or undesirable in terms of broader ethical principles. This approach promotes long-term moral development while also avoiding coercion or fear-based tactics commonly associated with other discipline methods.

Question 20

Siegal and Cowen found that 4- to 9-year-olds tend to agree that _____ is the least appropriate response to a child's misconduct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Siegal and Cowen found that 4- to...

Quiz 10: Altruism and Moral Development

Research on the relationship between parents' disciplinary styles and children's moral maturity reveals that

Describe the evidence Kohlberg and colleagues use to argue that Kohlberg's levels and stages of moral reasoning are cultural universals. What evidence is there which implies that not all aspects of moral development are so universal?

Both parents and peers can foster the growth of moral reasoning by discussing moral issues with a child or an adolescent. What approach might peers take to foster the moral growth of their discussion partners? Is this same approach effective when used by parents? Why or why not?

When asked "What is the winning disciplinary formula for promoting moral maturity?" Martin Hoffman's research implies that he would say _____ .

It is now clear that cognitive rationales enhance the effectiveness of many forms of punishment. How would an attribution theorist explain this finding?

How would modern conscience theorists like Kochanska criticize Freud's theory of Oedipal morality? In their view, what is the most effective parental strategy to foster the early development of an internalized conscience?

Although inductive discipline appears to promote moral internalization for most children, there are those for whom it doesn't work so well. Who are these latter children and what have we learned about temperament, discipline, and moral internalization?

What must children acquire before empathy becomes a consistent mediator of altruistic responses? Describe the research that supports this line of reasoning.

Kochanska’s recent research examining parenting X temperament interactions and children’s moral internalization found that patterns of parenting during the child’s _ year had the most influence on children’s moral development because _.

From the perspective of social-learning theory, which argues that we tend to repeat acts that are reinforced or benefit us, describe at least two ways in which individuals might come to perform costly prosocial acts that produce no apparent benefits.

When asked what kinds of discipline they favor (or view as most appropriate) , children prefer that adults

Kochanska finds that inductive discipline works especially well at promoting the moral internalization of _ children, whereas induction is a poor fit for _ children, who respond more positively to a secure, cooperative relationship with the parent.

Kochanska's recent research on temperament, discipline, and moral development revealed that

Investigators have been reporting findings that challenge Piaget's theory of moral development. Briefly discuss two such findings and indicate why they present problems for Piaget's theory.

According to Martin Hoffman, _____ discipline is most effective at promoting children's moral maturity.

Describe two lines of evidence to support the proposition that "Parents are more likely to promote a prosocial orientation in their children if they encourage prosocial acts and practice what they preach."

Childrearing studies suggest that _ discipline may inhibit children's moral development, whereas _ discipline is not consistently related to children's moral maturity.

What factors seem to account for the sizable cross-cultural variations in prosocial conduct that the Whitings observed in their study? What do Chinese children think about taking credit for their prosocial behavior, given that prosocial conduct seems to be almost obligatory for them?

Induction may be effective at promoting children's moral development because

Siegal and Cowen found that 4- to 9-year-olds tend to agree that _____ is the least appropriate response to a child's misconduct.

Quiz 10: Altruism and Moral Development

Research on the relationship between parents' disciplinary styles and children's moral maturity reveals that

Describe the evidence Kohlberg and colleagues use to argue that Kohlberg's levels and stages of moral reasoning are cultural universals. What evidence is there which implies that not all aspects of moral development are so universal?

Both parents and peers can foster the growth of moral reasoning by discussing moral issues with a child or an adolescent. What approach might peers take to foster the moral growth of their discussion partners? Is this same approach effective when used by parents? Why or why not?

When asked "What is the winning disciplinary formula for promoting moral maturity?" Martin Hoffman's research implies that he would say _____ .

It is now clear that cognitive rationales enhance the effectiveness of many forms of punishment. How would an attribution theorist explain this finding?

How would modern conscience theorists like Kochanska criticize Freud's theory of Oedipal morality? In their view, what is the most effective parental strategy to foster the early development of an internalized conscience?

Although inductive discipline appears to promote moral internalization for most children, there are those for whom it doesn't work so well. Who are these latter children and what have we learned about temperament, discipline, and moral internalization?

What must children acquire before empathy becomes a consistent mediator of altruistic responses? Describe the research that supports this line of reasoning.

Kochanska’s recent research examining parenting X temperament interactions and children’s moral internalization found that patterns of parenting during the child’s _______ year had the most influence on children’s moral development because _______.

From the perspective of social-learning theory, which argues that we tend to repeat acts that are reinforced or benefit us, describe at least two ways in which individuals might come to perform costly prosocial acts that produce no apparent benefits.

When asked what kinds of discipline they favor (or view as most appropriate) , children prefer that adults

Kochanska finds that inductive discipline works especially well at promoting the moral internalization of _____ children, whereas induction is a poor fit for _____ children, who respond more positively to a secure, cooperative relationship with the parent.

Kochanska's recent research on temperament, discipline, and moral development revealed that

Investigators have been reporting findings that challenge Piaget's theory of moral development. Briefly discuss two such findings and indicate why they present problems for Piaget's theory.

According to Martin Hoffman, _____ discipline is most effective at promoting children's moral maturity.

Describe two lines of evidence to support the proposition that "Parents are more likely to promote a prosocial orientation in their children if they encourage prosocial acts and practice what they preach."

Childrearing studies suggest that _____ discipline may inhibit children's moral development, whereas _____ discipline is not consistently related to children's moral maturity.

What factors seem to account for the sizable cross-cultural variations in prosocial conduct that the Whitings observed in their study? What do Chinese children think about taking credit for their prosocial behavior, given that prosocial conduct seems to be almost obligatory for them?

Induction may be effective at promoting children's moral development because

Siegal and Cowen found that 4- to 9-year-olds tend to agree that _____ is the least appropriate response to a child's misconduct.

Kochanska’s recent research examining parenting X temperament interactions and children’s moral internalization found that patterns of parenting during the child’s _ year had the most influence on children’s moral development because _.

Kochanska finds that inductive discipline works especially well at promoting the moral internalization of _ children, whereas induction is a poor fit for _ children, who respond more positively to a secure, cooperative relationship with the parent.

Childrearing studies suggest that _ discipline may inhibit children's moral development, whereas _ discipline is not consistently related to children's moral maturity.