Question 1

How does the "content" of people's self-concepts in individualistic societies differ from that of people in collectivist societies? What implications might these differences have for one's global self-esteem?

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Question 2

What do social-developmentalists mean when they refer to "extended self"? Describe a social influence that fosters the development of extended self.

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Question 3

According to proponents of the "social-experimental" viewpoint, interactions among peers are likely to promote interpersonal understanding by

Accepted Answer

Proponents of the social-experimental viewpoint argue that interactions among peers promote interpersonal understanding by providing opportunities and motivation to learn what other people are like as well as promoting the growth of role-taking skills. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 4

Sibling disputes can contribute to the development of role-taking skills, particularly when a parent

Accepted Answer

When a parent intervenes to allow each sibling to have his or her say and prompts them to resolve the conflict, the siblings are forced to take on different roles and consider each other's perspectives. This can help them develop their role-taking skills, which are essential for social and emotional development. By having to problem-solve and communicate with each other under the guidance of the parent, the siblings can learn how to better understand and communicate with others in the future.

Question 5

One clue that parents normally promote the development of children's role-taking skills is the finding that

Accepted Answer

Neglected and abused youngsters who lack parental support and guidance may have difficulty developing role-taking skills, and studies have found that they often remain more egocentric and delayed in their perspective-taking abilities than nonabused peers. While parents who actively teach conflict resolution and encourage perspective-taking can also support their children's development of these skills, the question only asks for one clue, and the finding related to neglected and abused children is the most relevant here.

Question 6

Like Piaget contributor to role-taking skills, particularly

Accepted Answer

Piaget emphasized that disagreements among close friends contribute to the development of role-taking skills because they challenge children to understand perspectives different from their own, fostering cognitive development.

Question 7

One observation suggesting that social experience contributes directly to the growth of interpersonal understanding is that

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Question 8

Is there any evidence that self-esteem changes from childhood to adolescence? Describe the age trends and the evidence that supports them, focusing on who might be most susceptible to change.

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Question 9

Is forging a personal identity the painful process that Erikson made it out to be? Why or why not? What effect might parents have on an adolescent's identity status?

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Question 10

What do developmentalists mean when they refer to ethnic identity formation? What evidence is there that ethnic identity achievement is a positive development?

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Question 11

What is a belief-desire theory of mind? Discuss at least two social influences on its development.

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Question 12

Five-month-old Tiffany gazes much more intently at a film of a strange peer than at a similar film of herself. Can we conclude from this observation that Tiffany recognizes herself on film as "me"? Why or why not?

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Question 13

When they disagree acquaintances.

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...

Question 14

You hear a lecture in which the speaker claims that the "Who am I" self- descriptions 3-5-year-olds show absolutely no evidence of any psychological self-awareness. How might you challenge this assertion on methodological and empirical grounds?

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Question 15

Describe at least two observations that at least some developmentalists take as evidence that newborns have some sense of "self."

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Question 16

Recent research suggests that _____ may be particularly important at fostering the development of role-taking skills and interpersonal understanding.

Accepted Answer

Disagreements among close friends are particularly important for fostering the development of role-taking skills and interpersonal understanding because these contexts often require individuals to navigate differences while maintaining the relationship, thereby enhancing empathy and perspective-taking abilities.

Quiz 6: Development of the Self and Social Cognition