Question 1

Identical twins show a close resemblance in IQ-test performance (+.86), whereas the resemblance in IQ among fraternal twins is moderate (+.60). Are these findings consistent with the behavioral genetic proposition that shared environmental influences contribute very little to the development of personality? Explain.

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Question 2

Discuss the two kinds of family studies that behavioral geneticists use to estimate hereditary contributions to human development. How might environmental influences be detected in each type of study?

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Question 3

What is collaborative learning and how does it differ from operant learning and from observational learning?

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Question 4

What is ethology and what assumptions do ethologists make about the development of any species?

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Question 5

How does Bronfenbrenner's viewpoint on environmental influences differ from those of Skinner and Bandura?

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Question 6

Provide examples of microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem influences on child development.

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Question 7

How do mechanistic theories, organismic theories, and contextual theories differ from one another? Provide an example of a contextual theory and indicate why this theory qualifies as a contextual model.

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Question 8

Today, most social-developmentalists take a(n) _____ perspective on human social and personality development.

Accepted Answer

Most social-developmentalists today adopt an eclectic perspective, meaning they integrate concepts and theories from multiple approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of human social and personality development. This allows for a more nuanced and flexible approach to studying development, acknowledging that no single theory can fully explain the complexities of human growth and change.

Question 9

Discuss the conceptual similarities and differences between ethologists and modern evolutionary theorists. How do both these groups differ from behavioral geneticists?

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Question 10

Modern developmentalists often strive to integrate physical social aspects of development into a coherent picture of the developing person, thus favoring

Accepted Answer

The holistic approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of different aspects of development, including physical, social, and emotional domains. This is in contrast to the experimental approach, which focuses more narrowly on controlled experiments to study specific developmental phenomena, or the ecological approach, which emphasizes the importance of context and environmental influences on development. The eclectic approach, meanwhile, involves drawing on multiple theories and perspectives to create a more comprehensive understanding of development.

Question 11

Ed believes that children actively influence the environmental contexts that influence their development. He also believes there are both continuities and discontinuities to development and that nurture has somewhat more impact on development than nature. Ed's world view most closely reflects

Accepted Answer

Ed's belief that children actively influence their environmental contexts and that there are both continuities and discontinuities in development align with the ecological systems view, which is a central tenet of the contextual view. Additionally, his belief that nurture has a greater impact on development than nature also aligns with this view.

Quiz 3: Recent Perspectives on Social and Personality Development