Question 1

According to the textbook, the harmful effects of low parental monitoring are especially bad in neighborhoods that:

Accepted Answer

Low parental monitoring is particularly detrimental in neighborhoods that are low in collective efficacy. Collective efficacy refers to the extent to which individuals in a community work together to maintain social order, monitor the behavior of their neighbors, and provide support to one another. In neighborhoods with low collective efficacy, there is less community support and fewer resources available to help parents who may be struggling with monitoring their children. As a result, children may be more likely to engage in delinquent behavior due to the lack of social controls and support mechanisms.

Question 2

Which of the following youth programs around today bear a striking resemblance to the stated goals of positive youth development programs?

Accepted Answer

All three options - YMCA, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, and scouting - have a strong focus on promoting positive youth development. They provide opportunities for physical activity, skill-building, leadership development, and community involvement, among other things. These programs seek to promote the well-being and positive development of young people and are aligned with the goals of positive youth development programs.

Question 3

One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that:

Accepted Answer

The difficulty in disentangling cause and effect is a prominent issue in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development. Many studies rely on correlations rather than experimental designs, which limits our ability to determine if media use is causing the observed developmental outcomes or if something else is driving the relationship.

Question 4

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the idea that media shape adolescents' interests, motives, and beliefs about the world?

Accepted Answer

The cultivation theory emphasizes the idea that media shape adolescents' interests, motives, and beliefs about the world. It suggests that repeated exposure to media content leads to the development of a shared set of attitudes, values, and beliefs about the world. This theory suggests that heavy media consumption can influence individuals' perceptions of reality, leading them to accept media portrayals as accurate depictions of the world.

Question 5

Research evaluating media messages about sex and drugs finds that:

Accepted Answer

Research has found that repeated exposure to media messages about sex and drugs can have an impact on adolescent attitudes and beliefs. However, the impact may vary depending on individual factors and the specific message being portrayed. It is important for media messages to be accurate and balanced in order to promote healthy attitudes and behaviors. Adolescents and adults may have different interpretations of these messages due to differences in life experiences and values.

Question 6

Which set of research findings was used in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants (2010), which was a case that debated whether banning the sale of violent video games to minors was unconstitutional?

Accepted Answer

The set of research findings used in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants (2010) was that careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games does not make adolescents more aggressive. This finding supported the argument that banning the sale of violent video games to minors was unconstitutional, as it would not serve the intended purpose of protecting minors from harm.

Question 7

Why is it hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking actually change adolescents' behaviors?

Accepted Answer

It is hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking actually change adolescents' behaviors because all of the options given in the question are true. Adolescents are not exposed to the mass media as blank slates, they bring preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations to the experience of watching or listening to mass media, and preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations influence what adolescents perceive, what they pay attention to, and what they remember. These factors make it difficult to determine the exact impact of media messages on adolescent behavior.

Question 8

What have researchers found in regard to the research on exposure to violent imagery on TV?

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that exposure to violent imagery on TV can lead to increased aggressive behavior, particularly among individuals with prior histories of aggression. This effect has been observed in both children and adults. Among 14-year-olds who watch more than 3 hours of TV per day, those with prior histories of aggression are particularly likely to engage in subsequent acts of aggression, regardless of gender. Therefore, all of the statements in the answer choices are true based on research findings.

Question 9

Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of spurious causation, which means that:

Accepted Answer

Spurious causation refers to a situation where the observed correlation between two variables is actually due to both being correlated with a third, unobserved factor.

Question 10

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the reciprocal link between adolescents' preferences and their media exposure and that adolescents not only choose what they are exposed to but interpret the media in ways that shape their impact?

Accepted Answer

The media practice model emphasizes the reciprocal link between adolescents' preferences and their media exposure and that adolescents not only choose what they are exposed to but interpret the media in ways that shape their impact. The Uses and Gratifications approach emphasizes the reasons why individuals choose certain media, while the cultivation theory suggests that exposure to media shapes individuals' perceptions of reality. The routine activity theory focuses on how the absence or presence of an opportunity in a routine activity affects the likelihood of a crime taking place.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a common message that the media conveys about sex?

Accepted Answer

The media often portrays sex as fun and exciting, women as sex objects, and sex as a defining aspect of masculinity. However, it less frequently emphasizes the serious consequences of unprotected sex.

Question 12

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does connection mean?

Accepted Answer

Connection refers to positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges. It involves developing supportive relationships with others, such as family members, peers, and adults in the community, as well as institutions like schools and youth organizations. Through these connections, youth can gain a sense of belonging, social support, and opportunities for growth and development.

Question 13

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does competence mean?

Accepted Answer

Competence refers to a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas such as academics, sports, or hobbies. This includes having the skills, knowledge, and abilities necessary to accomplish tasks and achieve goals within those areas.

Question 14

Based on the Five Cs of positive youth development, which "C" stands for a sense of sympathy and empathy for others?

Accepted Answer

The "C" that stands for a sense of sympathy and empathy for others is caring. The Five Cs of positive youth development are competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring. While all of these Cs are important, caring specifically refers to the ability to empathize and show concern for others, making it the correct choice.

Question 15

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does character mean?

Accepted Answer

According to the Five Cs of positive youth development, character refers to having respect for societal and cultural rules. This includes adherence to ethical and moral principles, honesty, integrity, and responsibility.

Question 16

Based on the definitions outlined in the Five Cs of positive youth development, what does confidence mean?

Accepted Answer

Confidence refers to an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy, also known as global self-regard, as per the Five Cs of positive youth development.

Question 17

Adolescents are least likely to seek out ________ websites on the Internet.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents are least likely to seek out pornography websites on the Internet due to various factors such as parental controls, personal interests, and societal norms that often discourage or limit access to such content for underage individuals.

Question 18

What makes a positive youth development program successful?

Accepted Answer

All three options are important factors contributing to the success of a positive youth development program. By being placed in demanding roles, youth are challenged to push themselves beyond their comfort zone and develop new skills. Expecting participants to take responsibility for their behavior helps to promote accountability and develop self-discipline. Understanding the consequences of failing to fulfill their obligations helps participants learn to prioritize their commitments and make more informed decisions. When all of these elements are present in a youth development program, it is more likely to be successful in helping participants develop positive values and behaviors.

Question 19

Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the fact that adolescents choose the media to which they are exposed?

Accepted Answer

The uses and gratifications approach emphasizes that individuals actively seek and choose the media that they consume based on their own needs and desires. It focuses on the audience's motivations and expectations for media use rather than the media's effects on the audience.

Question 20

The power of the adolescent as a consumer has increased as a result of:

Accepted Answer

The power of the adolescent as a consumer has increased due to a combination of factors including the size of the adolescent population, the prevalence of student employment, and the tendency for adolescents to save less than any other age group. As a result, marketers have increasingly targeted the teenage market with advertising and products that appeal to their interests and lifestyles. This has led to a greater influence of adolescents on the economy and a greater importance of their consumption habits.

Quiz 7: Work, Leisure, and Media