Question 1

_______, also known as attrition, is the differential dropping out of participants from a study.

Accepted Answer

Mortality, or attrition, refers to when participants drop out of a study, which can impact the validity and reliability of the results. An order effect refers to changes in participant behavior due to the order of tasks, retention refers to the number of participants who remain in a study, and carryover refers to the effects of a previous treatment on a subsequent treatment.

Question 2

Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an advantage...

Question 3

Which of the following is a possible solution to a threat of internal validity?

Accepted Answer

Making continuation in the study appealing is a possible solution to a threat of internal validity because it helps to ensure that participants are not dropping out of the study due to boredom or other factors that could bias the results.

Question 4

_____ is a threat to internal validity in a within-subjects design resulting from the influence that the sequence of experiment conditions can have on the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

An order effect, sometimes called a sequencing effect or position effect, can occur in a within-subjects design when the order in which conditions are presented affects the outcome variable. For example, if a participant receives condition A before condition B, their performance on condition B may be influenced by their experience with condition A. This can pose a threat to internal validity if it is unclear whether the observed effects are due to the manipulation or the order in which conditions were presented.

Question 5

A _____ focuses on a within-subjects design in which participants are measured before and after exposure to a treatment or intervention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A _____ focuses on a within-subjects design...

Question 6

Repeated-measures design, unlike pretest-posttest designs, do NOT include:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Repeated-measures design, unlike pretest-posttest designs, do NOT...

Question 7

______ is the differential dropping out of participants from a study.

Accepted Answer

Attrition refers to the loss of participants over the course of a study, which can lead to bias in the results if the remaining sample is no longer representative of the original population. Choices B, C, and D are different concepts that do not directly relate to participant dropout.

Question 8

If a researcher wants to complete an initial assessment on a group of participants this is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term "baseline measurement" refers to the initial assessment of participants' behavior or characteristics before any interventions or treatments are implemented. It serves as a comparison point for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention. A behavioral diary is a tool used to record behavior over time, a case study focuses on a single individual or group in depth, and counterbalancing refers to a method of controlling for order effects in experimental designs.

Question 9

_____ is a threat to the internal validity of a study because participants' scores may change on subsequent measurements simply because of increased familiarity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is a threat to the internal...

Question 10

Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an advantage...

Question 11

______ is a threat to internal validity due to changes in how a variable is measured during the course of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

Instrumentation refers to changes in the way a variable is measured during an experiment, which can threaten the internal validity of the study. A testing effect, carryover effect, and practice effect are all different types of effects that can impact the study's results but are not specific to changes in the measurement of a variable.

Question 12

______ is a type of within-subjects design in which participants are exposed to each level of the independent variable and are measured on the dependent variable after each level.

Accepted Answer

A repeated-measures design is a within-subjects design where each participant is exposed to every level of the independent variable and is measured on the dependent variable after each level. A pretest-posttest design involves measuring participants on the dependent variable before and after exposure to the independent variable. A multigroup design involves comparing two or more groups on the dependent variable. A Latin square design is a type of between-subjects design where every participant experiences a unique order of conditions based on a Latin square.

Question 13

The _____ is a deterioration in measurements due to participants becoming tired, less attentive, or careless during the course of the study.

Accepted Answer

The fatigue effect is a common problem in studies that require participants to perform tasks repeatedly over a long period of time. As they become tired, less attentive, or careless, their performance may deteriorate, leading to inaccurate measurements. This can be particularly problematic in studies that require precise measurements or where small changes in performance could have significant consequences.

Question 14

_____ describes changes in a participant's responses or behavior due to increased experience with the measurement.

Accepted Answer

A practice effect refers to changes in a participant's responses or behavior due to increased experience with the measurement. This can occur due to factors such as familiarity with the test format or increased skill in performing the task. It is a common issue in repeated-measures designs and can affect the validity of the study results.

Question 15

In a _____ participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a _____ participants are repeatedly measured...

Question 16

______ is a threat to internal validity due to an external event that can potentially influence participants' behavior during an experiment.

Accepted Answer

History is a threat to internal validity that occurs when an external event occurs during the course of an experiment that can potentially influence participants' behavior. This can make it difficult to determine whether changes in the dependent variable were truly due to the independent variable, or whether they were due to the history effect.

Question 17

______ refers to the exposure to earlier experimental conditions, which can influence responses on subsequent experimental conditions.

Accepted Answer

A carryover effect specifically refers to the phenomenon where exposure to previous conditions in an experiment affects participants' responses in later conditions. This can occur in repeated measures designs where the same participants are exposed to multiple conditions or treatments.

Question 18

Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs?

Accepted Answer

Within-subjects designs require fewer research participants since each participant is being exposed to all conditions of the study. This can be more cost-effective and efficient than recruiting a larger number of participants for between-subjects designs. However, within-subjects designs can be vulnerable to order effects and carryover effects, so researchers need to take steps to control for these potential confounds. Therefore, options B, C, and D are not advantages of within-subjects designs as attrition, testing effects, and instrumentation can still occur.

Question 19

A _____is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently.

Accepted Answer

A behavioral diary is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently. This allows for a detailed and accurate record of daily activities and emotional experiences, which can be useful in research or therapy. The other answer choices do not fit the description provided.

Question 20

______ is a threat to internal validity stemming from either long-term or short-term physiological changes occurring within the participants that may influence the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

Maturation is the threat to internal validity that refers to changes in participants' physical or psychological makeup that occur over time and that might be related to the dependent variable. Maturation can occur even when the treatment or intervention is not present or is not necessary. The other choices, such as attrition (participants leaving a study), mortality (death of participants), and instrumentation (changes in the method of measurement) are not directly related to physiological changes in the participants.

Quiz 10: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

_______, also known as attrition, is the differential dropping out of participants from a study.

Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs?

Which of the following is a possible solution to a threat of internal validity?

_____ is a threat to internal validity in a within-subjects design resulting from the influence that the sequence of experiment conditions can have on the dependent variable.

A _____ focuses on a within-subjects design in which participants are measured before and after exposure to a treatment or intervention.

Repeated-measures design, unlike pretest-posttest designs, do NOT include:

______ is the differential dropping out of participants from a study.

If a researcher wants to complete an initial assessment on a group of participants this is referred to as:

_____ is a threat to the internal validity of a study because participants' scores may change on subsequent measurements simply because of increased familiarity.

Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs?

______ is a threat to internal validity due to changes in how a variable is measured during the course of an experiment.

______ is a type of within-subjects design in which participants are exposed to each level of the independent variable and are measured on the dependent variable after each level.

The _____ is a deterioration in measurements due to participants becoming tired, less attentive, or careless during the course of the study.

_____ describes changes in a participant's responses or behavior due to increased experience with the measurement.

In a _____ participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.

______ is a threat to internal validity due to an external event that can potentially influence participants' behavior during an experiment.

______ refers to the exposure to earlier experimental conditions, which can influence responses on subsequent experimental conditions.

Which of the following is an advantage of within-subjects designs?

A _____is a self-report data collection strategy in which individuals record their behaviors and associated feelings concurrently.

______ is a threat to internal validity stemming from either long-term or short-term physiological changes occurring within the participants that may influence the dependent variable.