Question 1

The psychologist Jean Piaget constructed a vivid,detailed memory of a nursemaid's thwarting his kidnapping after hearing false reports of such an event.His experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question best illustrates source amnesia, which is the inability to remember where, when or how previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge itself. In this case, Piaget's vivid memory of a kidnapping thwarting by a nursemaid was constructed based on false reports of such an event, leading to a situation where Piaget was unable to accurately recall the source of the information or how he came to possess it.

Question 2

Faulty memory for how,when,or where information was learned is called

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia refers to the inability to remember where, when, or how previously learned information has been acquired. It can often occur when we remember a specific piece of information but cannot recall the source or context in which we learned it. The other options (misinformation effect, repression, and déjà vu) do not specifically refer to faulty memory for the source of information.

Question 3

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident,Melissa and Jeremy,who actually witnessed the accident,began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case.This provides an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the misinformation effect, as the newspaper report influenced Melissa and Jeremy's memories of the event and caused them to believe the driver was more reckless than they had initially remembered.

Question 4

Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that memories can be distorted by our current expectations, beliefs, and other factors. This is known as memory construction, where new information can be added or old information can be altered or revised over time. Therefore, memories are not always retrieved in the same form and detail as they were originally encoded.

Question 5

Children reported false memories of taking a hot-air balloon ride after viewing digitally altered photos of themselves and other family members involved in such an event.The children's reports best illustrated

Accepted Answer

The children's false memories were likely the result of imagination inflation, which is when individuals are prompted to imagine events or situations that never occurred, leading to the creation of false memories. In this case, the digitally altered photos may have prompted the children to imagine themselves participating in a hot-air balloon ride, ultimately leading to the creation of false memories.

Question 6

In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus,two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident.Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled

Accepted Answer

The use of the word "smashed" led the observers to later recall broken glass at the scene of the accident. This demonstrates how the wording of questions or information presented can influence a person's memory of an event. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) are not supported by the information provided in the question.

Question 7

Every time Vladimir tells the story of how he met his wife,the story changes slightly.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Reconsolidation refers to the process by which memories, when recalled, are potentially altered before being stored again. Each time Vladimir recalls the story, the slight changes could be due to the process of reconsolidating the memory, possibly incorporating new information or perspectives each time.

Question 8

Many of the research participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident.This experiment best illustrated

Accepted Answer

The experiment described in the question best illustrates the misinformation effect, which is the phenomenon of incorporating misleading or inaccurate information into one's memory of an event. In this case, the participants' recollection of seeing broken glass was influenced by the misleading question that asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed" into each other, implying a more violent collision than actually occurred in the video.

Question 9

As a child,Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog.Many years later,he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him.Andre's false recollection best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Andre's false memory is an example of source amnesia, which is the inability to remember where, when or how previously learned information has been acquired, while still remembering the information itself. In this case, Andre falsely believed that his dream was a real memory from his past. The other options do not fit this scenario: infantile amnesia refers to the inability to remember events from early childhood, proactive interference happens when older memories interfere with the retrieval of new information, and implicit memory refers to memories that are not consciously available but influence behavior and thought.

Question 10

After research participants have retrieved a long-term memory of a traumatic experience,researchers have attempted to use a drug or painless electroconvulsive shock to disrupt the ________ of that memory.

Accepted Answer

The disruption of the long-term memory of a traumatic experience involves disrupting the reconsolidation of that memory, which is the process by which a memory is stabilized again after it has been retrieved. This can be accomplished through the use of a drug or painless electroconvulsive shock. Repression, retroactive interference, and proactive interference are not relevant processes in this context.

Question 11

Among contemporary memory researchers,increasing numbers think that ________ rarely,if ever,occurs.

Accepted Answer

Increasing numbers of contemporary memory researchers think that repression rarely, if ever, occurs. The concept of repression suggests that traumatic memories can be pushed into the unconscious mind, protecting the individual from the pain of reliving the experience. However, more recent research suggests that traumatic memories are actually highly resistant to forgetting and are often highly vivid and intrusive. Therefore, many researchers believe that the concept of repression is not a valid explanation for forgetting traumatic events.

Question 12

Memory construction research has found that

Accepted Answer

Research in memory construction has shown that people can develop false memories of events that they merely imagined happening, recalling these imagined events as if they were real experiences. This phenomenon highlights the malleability of human memory and its susceptibility to suggestion and misinformation.

Question 13

Déjà vu refers to the

Accepted Answer

Déjà vu refers to the eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event. It is often described as a feeling of familiarity with a current situation that is impossible to have actually experienced before.

Question 14

While wandering through the streets of a foreign city for the first time,Maurice experienced a strange sense of familiarity with the city's landmarks as if he had been in this exact location before.His experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Maurice's experience of familiarity with a new city's landmarks is best explained by déjà vu. This is a phenomenon where an individual has a strong feeling of familiarity with a new situation or place, even though they have never experienced it before. In Maurice's case, he may have unconsciously picked up details about the landmarks through pictures, stories, or movies before visiting the foreign city, leading to a feeling of familiarity.

Question 15

The incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event is known as the misinformation effect. This can occur when a person is exposed to new information after an event, leading to a distortion of their original memory. It is a widely studied concept in psychology and has important implications in fields such as eyewitness testimony and criminal investigations.

Question 16

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood abuse,Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history.This best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia is the inability to remember where, when, or how previously learned information has been acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge. In this case, Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history, indicating source amnesia.

Question 17

Source amnesia helps to explain

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia refers to the difficulty remembering where or when a certain piece of information was learned or heard. This can lead to the feeling of déjà vu, where a person may feel like they have experienced a situation before but cannot remember where or when.

Question 18

When retrieving memories of a past event,we often fill in memory gaps with guesses about details.The fact that these guessed details are then incorporated into our memory of that event is most relevant to appreciating the importance of

Accepted Answer

The process of filling in memory gaps with guesses and incorporating them into our memory is known as memory construction. This phenomenon emphasizes the importance of understanding how memories are not always reliable and can be influenced by external factors.

Question 19

The misinformation effect best illustrates the dynamics of

Accepted Answer

The misinformation effect refers to how the introduction of misleading or inaccurate information can alter a person's memory and lead to memory reconstruction. This concept is closely related to memory construction, making choice A the correct answer. Repression, proactive interference, and anterograde amnesia are all distinct concepts that are not directly related to the misinformation effect.

Question 20

Memory reconsolidation involves the modification of stored memories during the process of

Accepted Answer

Memory reconsolidation involves the process of retrieving a memory and then modifying it before it is stored again. This process allows for the updating and revision of memories, and plays an important role in the ability to learn and adapt to new information. Choices A, B, and D are not accurate descriptions of memory reconsolidation.

Quiz 8: Memory