Question 1

Sonya has just finished a large birthday dinner.When the waiter offers to give her a complementary birthday dessert,she explains that she is not feeling hungry at the moment.This is likely because her

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger, and low levels of ghrelin would indicate that Sonya is not feeling hungry after a large meal. Both PYY levels and blood glucose levels can also affect hunger, but their fluctuations are not as closely tied to the post-meal satiety signal as ghrelin. Orexin is a neurotransmitter that regulates sleep and wakefulness, and its levels would not be directly related to post-meal hunger signals.

Question 2

Increases in the hormone insulin lead to

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a hormone that is released by the pancreas in response to high levels of glucose in the blood. Its main function is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in tissues such as muscles and fat. Therefore, increases in insulin levels would lead to decreasing blood glucose levels. The other choices are not directly related to insulin's function.

Question 3

Leptin is a hunger-dampening hormone secreted by

Accepted Answer

Leptin is secreted by fat cells to help regulate appetite by signaling to the brain when the body has enough energy stored as fat.

Question 4

When people with severe obesity undergo bypass surgery that seals off part of the stomach,the remaining stomach then produces much less

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger and is primarily produced in the stomach. When part of the stomach is sealed off during bypass surgery, the remaining stomach produces less ghrelin, which can lead to a decreased appetite and subsequent weight loss. PYY is a hormone that suppresses appetite and is produced in the small intestine, not the stomach. Orexin is a hormone that regulates wakefulness and sleep, and is not involved in appetite regulation. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels and is not directly involved in appetite regulation.

Question 5

Orexin is a ________ hormone secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

Orexin, also known as hypocretin, is a hormone that promotes wakefulness and arousal but also increases hunger. It is secreted by neurons in the hypothalamus, not the stomach. Therefore, the correct answer is A) hunger-arousing; hypothalamus.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the basic idea of a set point?

Accepted Answer

The basic idea of a set point is that the body is naturally "set" to maintain a particular weight by increasing or decreasing feelings of hunger and basal metabolic rate. This means that the body has a natural set point for weight regulation, and it will try to maintain that set point even if someone tries to consciously change their weight through diet or exercise.

Question 7

The set point is

Accepted Answer

The set point refers to the specific body weight that is automatically maintained by most adults, meaning the amount of body fat that the body seeks to maintain despite changes in food intake or physical activity levels. It is a concept related to the body's regulation of energy balance and weight. Options A, B, and C do not accurately describe the set point.

Question 8

Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom's stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous tumor.Following a successful recovery,Tom's reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body's reduced secretion of

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger, and is secreted by cells in the stomach. When Tom had part of his stomach removed, it is likely that the cells that produce ghrelin were also removed, leading to a reduced secretion of the hormone and consequently, a reduced appetite. PYY and leptin are hormones that help regulate feelings of fullness, but they are not primarily secreted by the stomach. Epinephrine is a hormone involved in the body's stress response and does not play a major role in appetite regulation.

Question 9

Sonya has had classes all morning.Because she hasn't eaten since breakfast,she is now extremely hungry.Sonya's hunger is being triggered by the hormone ________,which is secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

Orexin, a hormone produced by the hypothalamus, plays a significant role in triggering hunger. When the body needs energy or hasn't received food for a while, the hypothalamus secretes orexin to stimulate the feeling of hunger, prompting an individual to eat.

Question 10

Jorge,who just finished a large dinner an hour before,is offered a slice of pizza by his roommate.Jorge says,"No thanks.I'm not hungry." The digestive track hormone ________ is sending the "I am not hungry" signal to Jorge's brain.

Accepted Answer

PYY (peptide YY) is known as the "satiety hormone" because it is released from the digestive tract when we eat and helps to suppress appetite by sending signals to the brain that we are full and do not need to eat. Therefore, in this scenario, PYY is likely responsible for Jorge's lack of hunger despite being offered pizza after a large meal.

Question 11

In addition to secreting the hunger-triggering hormone orexin,the ________ monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for regulating appetite and metabolism, and it releases hormones that signal hunger or fullness. In addition to orexin, it also monitors levels of other appetite hormones such as leptin and ghrelin. The hippocampus is responsible for memory and learning, the amygdala is responsible for emotion and fear, and the cerebellum is responsible for movement and coordination.

Question 12

________ is a hormone secreted by an empty stomach;it sends the "I am hungry" signal to the brain.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone secreted by an empty stomach that sends the "I am hungry" signal to the brain. It increases appetite and food intake. PYY is secreted by the intestines and signals the brain to stop eating. Orexin is a neuropeptide that promotes wakefulness and appetite. Insulin is produced by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels, and regulates glucose metabolism.

Question 13

Insulin,a hormone that influences appetite,is secreted by the

Accepted Answer

Insulin is mainly secreted by the pancreas.

Question 14

Emma worked for five straight hours on her psychology paper and did not stop to eat.After finishing her paper she felt extremely hungry.One reason for her hunger is that her

Accepted Answer

When we skip meals, our blood glucose level drops as the body uses up the glucose in our bloodstream for energy. This drop signals the release of the hormone ghrelin which stimulates hunger. Therefore, Emma's hunger is likely due to her blood glucose level dropping and the subsequent increase in ghrelin production.

Question 15

Forty-year-old Jim has exercised strenuously on and off all his life.Over the years,his body weight has remained close to 160 pounds,which was his body weight in college.His stable body weight best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Jim's stable body weight despite his exercise habits and fluctuations in activity levels suggests that his body has a set point, a biologically determined range of weight that his body strives to maintain.

Question 16

Jason is on his school's wrestling team.He hasn't eaten since early this morning because he is trying to make weight.It is now time for dinner.His stomach is growling and he feels very hungry.One reason for his hunger is that his

Accepted Answer

When we don't eat for a long period of time, our blood glucose level drops as our body uses up the glucose for energy. This drop in glucose level can trigger the release of ghrelin, a hormone that increases hunger and further stimulates appetite. Therefore, Jason's hunger is most likely due to a drop in his blood glucose level and the release of ghrelin.

Question 17

Which area of the hypothalamus is a neural arc with a center that secretes appetite-stimulating hormones and another center that secretes appetite-suppressing hormones?

Accepted Answer

The area of the hypothalamus referred to in the question is the arcuate nucleus. This neural arc contains two centers that control appetite by secreting hormones. The first center, located in the ventromedial area, secretes appetite-suppressing hormones, while the second center, located in the lateral area, secretes appetite-stimulating hormones.

Question 18

Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone

Accepted Answer

PYY (peptide YY) is a hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract that signals a feeling of fullness and decreases hunger. Ghrelin stimulates hunger, orexin regulates sleep and arousal, and serotonin affects mood and appetite.

Question 19

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to

Accepted Answer

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus of a rat would likely cause the rat to lose its ability to suppress appetite, leading to increased food intake and eventual obesity.

Question 20

The role of insulin in hunger regulation is to

Accepted Answer

Insulin regulates hunger by controlling blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released to help cells absorb the glucose for energy. This helps to decrease hunger and promote feelings of fullness. However, if blood glucose levels drop too low, insulin levels decrease and hunger can increase.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion