Question 1

Walking home from work late one night,Jaydra suddenly hears footsteps behind her.Her heart pounds,her muscles tense,and her mouth goes dry.These bodily responses are activated by her ________ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response in the body, which causes the physical responses described in the scenario. The central nervous system controls all nerve function, the parasympathetic nervous system activates a rest and digest response, and the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements.

Question 2

When 10-year-old Sophie sees her neighbor's large dog,she becomes very excited about the opportunity to pet the dog.On the other hand,when her cousin Marcie sees the same dog,she becomes scared and runs back inside the house.Which theorist would explain that their different responses are based on differences in their cognitive appraisal of the situation?

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus developed the cognitive appraisal theory, which states that our emotional responses are based on our interpretation or appraisal of the situation. In this case, Sophie and Marcie have different cognitive appraisals of the dog, leading to different emotional responses.

Question 3

Some emotions,especially complex feelings such as hatred and love,travel (by way of the thalamus)to the brain's cortex.There,they are analyzed and labeled before the response command is sent out,via the amygdala.This pathway is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The pathway described, where emotions travel to the cortex for analysis and labeling before a response command is sent out via the amygdala, is known as the high road. The low road refers to a more direct, automatic pathway of emotional response that bypasses the cortex. The insula is a part of the brain associated with bodily sensations and emotions, but not specifically related to the pathway described. The parasympathetic nervous system is involved in regulating bodily functions and is not specifically related to emotional processing.

Question 4

One of the 10 basic emotions isolated by Carroll Izard is

Accepted Answer

The only basic emotion listed by Carroll Izard among the options given is shame. The other emotions mentioned are not part of his list of 10 basic emotions.

Question 5

Which division of the nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for activating the body's "fight or flight" response in emotionally stressful situations. This includes releasing adrenaline and other stress hormones, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and redirecting blood flow to the muscles to prepare for action.

Question 6

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by brows raised,eyes widened,and mouth rounded in an oval shape?

Accepted Answer

The facial expression described in the question, with raised brows, widened eyes, and a rounded oval-shaped mouth, is most commonly associated with the basic emotion of surprise. This expression is often accompanied by a gasp or sharp inhale, as the person reacts to something unexpected or startling.

Question 7

Carroll Izard identified

Accepted Answer

Carroll Izard identified 10 distinct and basic emotions, which are happiness, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt. These emotions are considered universal and can be recognized across different cultures.

Question 8

One of the 10 basic emotions isolated by Carroll Izard is

Accepted Answer

According to Carroll Izard, surprise is one of the 10 basic emotions. Lust, greed, and love are not among the 10 basic emotions identified by Izard.

Question 9

Evidence that visual input is routed from the thalamus directly to the amygdala has been used to support the claim that

Accepted Answer

The fact that visual input can be routed directly from the thalamus to the amygdala suggests that some emotional reactions may occur without conscious thinking or processing in the cortex. This is because the amygdala is involved in rapid, automatic processing of emotional information, and has strong connections to the thalamus for fast and efficient processing of sensory input.

Question 10

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by eyelids lifted,mouth corners retracted,and brows level while drawn in and up?

Accepted Answer

The facial expression described is consistent with the basic emotion of fear. The lifted eyelids imply widened eyes, suggesting a state of alertness or vigilance. The retraction of the mouth corners and the drawing in and up of the brows indicate a sense of tension or terror. Together, these cues are consistent with the facial expression typically associated with fear.

Question 11

Whether we feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether we attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to our own low intelligence.This best illustrates that emotions are influenced by

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question illustrates how our cognitive appraisals, or the ways in which we think about a situation, can influence our emotional response. In this case, attributing the poor grade to an unfair test leads to feelings of anger, while attributing it to low intelligence leads to feelings of depression. Physical arousal and stress hormones can also contribute to emotions, but they are not the primary drivers in this scenario. Genetic predispositions can influence our overall temperament, but they do not directly determine our emotional response in a specific situation.

Question 12

Which of the following can best explain the results of the experiment in which college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with either a euphoric or an irritated person?

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory (also known as the Schachter-Singer theory) suggests that emotions are a result of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. In the experiment, the injection of epinephrine created a state of physiological arousal in the college men. The cognitive interpretation of the context was then provided by the euphoric or irritated person they spent time with. Therefore, the two-factor theory can best explain the results of the experiment.

Question 13

Which of the following emotional reactions is most likely to precede any conscious thinking?

Accepted Answer

Fear is most likely to precede any conscious thinking as it is a primal emotional response that is triggered by the amygdala in the brain's limbic system without any conscious input or reasoning. Other emotions like hatred, love, and depression often involve a more complex thought process and are less likely to be automatic reactions.

Question 14

Who suggested that a "low road" neural shortcut enables rapid emotional responses before our conscious intellect intervenes?

Accepted Answer

Joseph LeDoux suggested the idea of a "low road" neural shortcut that enables rapid emotional responses before our conscious intellect intervenes.

Question 15

Jenny just met Katherine in line at the food court and immediately liked her.Which theorist would explain this phenomenon by saying that we have many emotional reactions before we are able to interpret what is going on?

Accepted Answer

Robert Zajonc's theory of "mere exposure" suggests that individuals can develop a preference for stimuli, including other people, simply by being exposed to them repeatedly, without necessarily having any conscious interpretation of their feelings. This could explain why Jenny immediately liked Katherine upon meeting her, without having any prior knowledge or information about her.

Question 16

________ concluded that we actually have many emotional reactions apart from,or even before,our interpretation of a situation.

Accepted Answer

Robert Zajonc's research on the mere exposure effect demonstrated that we can have emotional reactions to stimuli before we even consciously process and interpret them.

Question 17

The "low road" from the thalamus to the amygdala most directly contributes to ________ emotional responses.

Accepted Answer

The "low road" from the thalamus to the amygdala is a direct and automatic pathway that allows for quick emotional responses without conscious awareness or self-control. Therefore, the best choice is B) automatic emotional responses.

Question 18

While walking through a darkened parking garage after class,Amber suddenly felt a tap on her shoulder producing an intense feeling of fear.Before she turned around to see that it was her boyfriend,the unexpected sensory input had already been routed through her thalamus directly to her

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, such as fear, and helps to trigger the fight or flight response. In this scenario, Amber's reaction to the tap on the shoulder was one of intense fear, indicating that the sensory input was processed quickly and efficiently through her amygdala.

Question 19

We sometimes interpret our arousal before experiencing a complex emotional reaction such as hatred.These complex emotional reactions follow a neural pathway from

Accepted Answer

The thalamus receives incoming sensory information and sends it to the cerebral cortex, which processes it and creates a conscious experience of it. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions and assigning emotional significance to sensory inputs. Therefore, complex emotional reactions follow a neural pathway from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex to the amygdala.

Question 20

According to Carroll Izard,most of the basic emotions

Accepted Answer

Carroll Izard's theory suggests that most basic emotions are present in infancy, indicating that they are innate and not solely learned through cultural or social experiences.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

Walking home from work late one night,Jaydra suddenly hears footsteps behind her.Her heart pounds,her muscles tense,and her mouth goes dry.These bodily responses are activated by her ________ nervous system.

Some emotions,especially complex feelings such as hatred and love,travel (by way of the thalamus) to the brain's cortex.There,they are analyzed and labeled before the response command is sent out,via the amygdala.This pathway is referred to as the

One of the 10 basic emotions isolated by Carroll Izard is

Which division of the nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations?

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by brows raised,eyes widened,and mouth rounded in an oval shape?

Carroll Izard identified

One of the 10 basic emotions isolated by Carroll Izard is

Evidence that visual input is routed from the thalamus directly to the amygdala has been used to support the claim that

Which of the basic emotions is facially expressed by eyelids lifted,mouth corners retracted,and brows level while drawn in and up?

Whether we feel angry or depressed in response to a low exam grade depends on whether we attribute the poor grade to an unfair test or to our own low intelligence.This best illustrates that emotions are influenced by

Which of the following can best explain the results of the experiment in which college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with either a euphoric or an irritated person?

Which of the following emotional reactions is most likely to precede any conscious thinking?

Who suggested that a "low road" neural shortcut enables rapid emotional responses before our conscious intellect intervenes?

Jenny just met Katherine in line at the food court and immediately liked her.Which theorist would explain this phenomenon by saying that we have many emotional reactions before we are able to interpret what is going on?

________ concluded that we actually have many emotional reactions apart from,or even before,our interpretation of a situation.

The "low road" from the thalamus to the amygdala most directly contributes to ________ emotional responses.

While walking through a darkened parking garage after class,Amber suddenly felt a tap on her shoulder producing an intense feeling of fear.Before she turned around to see that it was her boyfriend,the unexpected sensory input had already been routed through her thalamus directly to her

We sometimes interpret our arousal before experiencing a complex emotional reaction such as hatred.These complex emotional reactions follow a neural pathway from

According to Carroll Izard,most of the basic emotions