Question 1

Ken is a highly skilled electrician and Gwen is his new apprentice. When unexpected problems occur as they work on complex wiring projects, the MOST critical difference between their approaches in successfully completing the job is _____.

Accepted Answer

The MOST critical difference between Ken's and Gwen's approaches would be Ken's automatic processing. As an experienced electrician, Ken would have developed a deep understanding of electrical systems and be able to carry out complex tasks without much conscious effort. In contrast, Gwen is a new apprentice and may need to use trial and error or consult manuals to complete tasks. Therefore, Ken's automatic processing would be more beneficial in completing the job successfully.

Question 2

To solve a problem in his or her special area, the expert is more likely than the novice to _____.

Accepted Answer

Experts in a particular field have a larger knowledge base to draw upon than novices, so they are more likely to rely on past experiences to solve problems in their special area.

Question 3

Nancy needs to have surgery and she wants to make sure that her surgeon is the most skilled. What question should she ask potential surgeons?

Accepted Answer

The best question for Nancy to ask potential surgeons is how often they have performed the specific operation she needs. This will give her an idea of their level of experience and expertise in performing the surgery. The other options are important, but not as relevant to determining the surgeon's skill in performing the specific procedure.

Question 4

An expert internal medicine doctor may prefer a patient who _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An expert internal medicine doctor may prefer...

Question 5

According to your text, who might be the BEST employee at a workplace?

Accepted Answer

The best employee would be someone who has experience in the company and is motivated to do their best. Option D fits this description as the employee has worked for the company for 15 years and is still motivated to do their best.

Question 6

The skill, flexibility, and strategies needed to raise a family are a manifestation of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The skill, flexibility, and strategies needed to...

Question 7

Who is more likely to have the greatest number of strategies?

Accepted Answer

Alan, who has been playing chess for 25 years, is likely to have developed the greatest number of strategies due to his extensive experience.

Question 8

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, _____, and _____ in their thinking.

Accepted Answer

Experts tend to have a strategic approach to problem-solving, but also have the flexibility to adapt their thinking according to the situation. This combination of strategic and flexible thinking helps them to quickly and effectively come up with solutions to complex problems.

Question 9

A term used to denigrate domestic and caregiving tasks that were once thought to be the responsibility of females is _____.

Accepted Answer

The term used to denigrate domestic and caregiving tasks that were once thought to be the responsibility of females is "women's work." This term reinforces gender stereotypes and reinforces the idea that women's contributions are not valued in society. The use of this term is therefore problematic and should be avoided.

Question 10

Paula is a middle-aged doctor who is an expert at laser eye surgery for the correction of myopia (nearsightedness). She graduated from medical school 35 years ago. Daryl is a young doctor who also does the surgery; he graduated from medical school 5 years ago. According to the textbook, who would likely be the better choice for operating on your eyes?

Accepted Answer

Paula's experience and expertise in the field make her a better choice for the surgery. She has likely encountered and successfully addressed a variety of complications and can also adapt to unexpected situations. Additionally, her skill level and familiarity with the procedure may allow her to complete the surgery more quickly and efficiently than Daryl. While Daryl's recent graduation may indicate knowledge of the latest techniques, experience and skill level in this particular field are generally more important factors to consider.

Question 11

Which statement about age and expertise is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

While expertise can help alleviate some negative effects of age, such as declining processing speed, it cannot completely overcome all age-related declines, such as declines in working memory capacity or flexibility.

Question 12

In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, the cognitive complexity of the occupations of more than 500 workers was measured, including the complexities involved in the workers' interactions with other people, with things, and with data. Older workers maintained _____.

Accepted Answer

According to the information provided, the cognitive complexity of the workers' occupations was measured in terms of their interactions with other people, things, and data. The study found that older workers maintained their intellectual prowess in all three areas. Therefore, the correct choice is D, as it reflects that older workers were able to maintain their cognitive abilities in interactions with other people, things, and data. The other choices are not supported by the given information.

Question 13

Compared to novices, experts typically _____.

Accepted Answer

Experts have developed a vast amount of knowledge and experience in their particular field, which allows them to rely more on intuition and less on deliberate thinking. They have a deeper understanding of the patterns and nuances within their area of expertise, which leads to more effortless decision-making.

Question 14

When the thought required for an action has become routine, and it appears that most aspects of the task are performed instinctively, the performance of the task is _____.

Accepted Answer

When a task becomes routine and is performed instinctively, it is considered automatic. The term "automaticity" refers to the ability to perform a task without conscious effort or attention.

Question 15

Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought is _____ processing.

Accepted Answer

Automatic processing is thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Strategic processing involves using deliberate and intentional thinking strategies. Flexible processing refers to the ability to use different thinking strategies in different situations. Intuitive processing involves using gut feelings or hunches to make decisions.

Question 16

The most crucial cognitive difference between a skilled person and an unskilled person may be _____.

Accepted Answer

Skilled individuals have developed effective strategies for performing their tasks, while unskilled individuals often lack these strategies. This allows skilled individuals to process information more efficiently and effectively than unskilled individuals. Automatic processing, intuition, and flexibility are also important for cognitive performance, but strategy is the most crucial difference between skilled and unskilled individuals.

Question 17

The expert artist, musician, or scientist is creative and curious, deliberately experimenting and enjoying the challenge when things do not go according to plan. This suggests that their thinking is more _____.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the expert artist, musician, or scientist enjoys the challenge when things do not go according to plan, which implies that they are flexible in their thinking. Therefore, option D - flexible - is the best choice.

Question 18

Research on taxi drivers in London indicates that drivers with more experience _____.

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that the brains of experienced taxi drivers adjusted to the need for spatial and navigational knowledge, indicating a form of neural plasticity.

Question 19

A study of trained pilots who were given directions by air traffic controllers in a flight simulation found that _____.

Accepted Answer

Experienced pilots are likely to have developed better note-taking skills and shorthand methods through their training and experience, leading to more accurate and complete notes.

Quiz 21: Seciton 3: Adulthood: Cognitive Development