Question 1

Over the past few decades, the rates of ADHD have _____ in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The rates of ADHD have increased in the United States over the past few decades, according to several studies and reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Question 2

Treatment of childhood disorders can be difficult because _____.

Accepted Answer

Childhood disorders can present differently as children grow and develop, making it difficult to determine appropriate treatment. Symptoms may also be influenced by environmental factors and individual factors, which can complicate treatment planning.

Question 3

Jim has struggled with reading throughout his school experience, and has fallen far behind his peers. Based on this, his teacher recommends that Jim be evaluated for _____.

Accepted Answer

Jim's struggles with reading and falling behind his peers suggest a learning disability, which should be evaluated by professionals to determine if additional supports or accommodations are needed. ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder may also affect academic performance, but there is no information in the scenario to suggest that they are the primary cause of Jim's reading difficulties.

Question 4

Ten-year-old Wilson experiences extreme mood swings that do not seem to be influenced by life circumstances. At times he has told his parents that his teachers are idiots and he is smarter than all of them, and at other times he has so little energy he cannot get out of bed. Wilson may be diagnosed with _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ten-year-old Wilson experiences extreme mood swings that...

Question 5

Many psychoactive drugs are prescribed to children to treat numerous mental health conditions such as ADHD, depression, and anxiety even though they have not been thoroughly tested on children. Therefore, the use of these drugs for children is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The use of psychoactive drugs for children to treat conditions for which they have not been thoroughly tested is known as off-label use. It is considered controversial as it involves prescribing drugs without sufficient evidence of their safety and efficacy in pediatric populations.

Question 6

David is excitable, impulsive, and very active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He MOST likely has _____.

Accepted Answer

David's symptoms of being excitable, impulsive, and having difficulty concentrating are characteristic of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mental retardation and childhood schizophrenia typically involve a range of developmental delays and disturbances in perception, thought, and social relationships, which are not indicated in this scenario. A sensory deficit might impair David's ability to process information accurately or in a timely manner, but it would not necessarily cause him to be overly active or impulsive.

Question 7

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment is commonly referred to as a learning disability. ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder may all impact learning, but they are not defined as learning disabilities.

Question 8

The use of medication to treat ADHD (and many other disorders) in children _____.

Accepted Answer

The use of medication to treat ADHD in children is a controversial topic, as some believe that it is overprescribed and may have long-term negative effects. While medication can be effective in managing symptoms for some children, other forms of therapy and interventions should also be considered.

Question 9

Seven-year-old Henry has been diagnosed with both ADHD and bipolar disorder. Which term applies to Henry having both conditions?

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity refers to the presence of one or more additional disorders or illnesses co-occurring with a primary condition. In this case, ADHD and bipolar disorder are co-occurring, making it a comorbid condition.

Question 10

Todd runs around the classroom, can't seem to sit still or concentrate, and is easily excited. With which disorder might Todd be diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Todd's behavior is consistent with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and difficulty with attention and concentration. Mental retardation and sensory deficits would not typically present with these symptoms, and childhood schizophrenia is relatively rare and typically involves more severe symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions.

Question 11

A cause can have many final manifestations. This is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

Multifinality refers to the concept that a single cause can lead to multiple outcomes or final manifestations. For example, childhood trauma may result in anxiety disorders, depression, or even resilience in some individuals.

Question 12

All of the following have been identified as problems with diagnosing ADHD EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

ADHD symptoms can be apparent in mild to severe cases, but diagnosing can be challenging in milder cases where symptoms are less obvious. A, B, and D have all been identified as potential challenges in diagnosing ADHD.

Question 13

In the United States, more than _____ children and adolescents under the age of 18 take prescription drugs to regulate their emotions and behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States, more than _____...

Question 14

Jennica experienced neglect as an infant while her mother suffered from severe depression. The outcome on Jennica's development could manifest itself in many different ways. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Multifinality refers to the principle that similar early experiences can lead to different developmental outcomes later in life. In Jennica's case, the neglect she experienced as an infant may manifest itself in a variety of ways as she develops, including in her social, emotional, and cognitive functioning.

Question 15

Ricky's aggressive behavior could be due to genetic inheritance, exposure to violent media, or living in a violent neighborhood. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

Equifinality is the principle that states that a given outcome can be reached by multiple pathways. In this case, Ricky's aggressive behavior can be attributed to different factors, including genetic inheritance, exposure to violent media, and living in a violent neighborhood.

Question 16

Often a symptom can have multiple causes. This is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Equifinality refers to the principle that a single symptom can have multiple causes.

Question 17

The most commonly diagnosed learning disability is _____.

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia affects approximately 5-10% of the population and is the most commonly diagnosed learning disability. Dyscalculia, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder are also common learning disabilities but not as prevalent as dyslexia.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of treatment for ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Counseling and training for the family and child have been shown to be effective in some cases as it helps them understand how ADHD affects the child and learn strategies to manage symptoms. While medication can also be an effective treatment option, it is usually recommended alongside counseling and training. Involvement from parents and teachers is crucial in helping the child manage their symptoms both at home and in school. No treatments currently exist is not true as there are several evidence-based treatments available for ADHD.

Question 19

Which learning disability is characterized by unusual difficulty with reading?

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a learning disability that specifically affects reading abilities. People with dyslexia struggle with recognizing, decoding, and understanding written words, which can impact their academic performance and daily life.

Question 20

According to the DSM-5, in order for ADHD to be diagnosed _____.

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, several symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity must be present before age 12 for ADHD to be diagnosed.

Quiz 11: Seciton 3: Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development