Question 1

What type of treatment was thought to be used by Stone Age people to treat madness?

Accepted Answer

Trephination, also known as trepanning, involved drilling or scraping a hole into the skull in order to release evil spirits or relieve pressure in the brain. This practice has been found in archaeological remains from various cultures, including prehistoric Europe and South America. It is believed that Stone Age people used trephination as a treatment for a variety of ailments, including madness.

Question 2

If you lived in a society that explained changes in the weather as being influenced by the gods,you would likely view madness as being caused by

Accepted Answer

If a society attributes natural events to supernatural forces, they would likely view mental illness as being caused by possession by evil spirits or demons.

Question 3

Psychopathology refers to

Accepted Answer

Psychopathology refers to the study of the nature of psychological problems, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment. It encompasses a wide range of disorders, from mild anxiety and depression to severe and persistent mental illnesses. While some psychological problems may have physical causes, it also includes disorders that are primarily based on psychological or environmental factors. Psychopathy is a specific personality disorder and is not synonymous with psychopathology.

Question 4

Which is the most sensible way to logically combine the criteria used to define psychological abnormality?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the most sensible way to...

Question 5

Hippocrates believed that psychological functioning was influenced by imbalances in bodily fluids.Each of the following was considered an essential fluid EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

D  Hippocrates' theory of the four humors included blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. Brown bile and green bile were not part of this theory.

Question 6

Several methods were used during prehistoric times to treat abnormal behaviour.Which approach,however,was NOT common?

Accepted Answer

Special care in asylums was not a common approach during prehistoric times as asylums or specialized institutions for treating abnormal behavior were not established until much later in history.

Question 7

Changes in the way that abnormality has been viewed over time has resulted in

Accepted Answer

Changes in the way abnormality has been viewed over time have resulted in a shift from supernatural to natural causes in explaining disorders. This shift began during the 18th century with the Enlightenment and continues today with the emphasis on understanding the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the development of mental disorders.

Question 8

Abnormal behaviour has been defined as that which occurs infrequently.Which of the following examples illustrates a problem with this definition?

Accepted Answer

Defining abnormal behavior solely based on infrequency can be problematic because it would classify rare but positive traits, like mathematical genius, as abnormal.

Question 9

The authors discuss the Violation of Cultural Norms criterion as:

Accepted Answer

The Violation of Cultural Norms criterion is often relevant in defining psychological abnormality because what is considered abnormal can vary greatly across different cultures. However, it is not the sole criterion for defining abnormality, as other factors such as distress, dysfunction, and danger to self or others also play critical roles.

Question 10

Your housemate has been overly concerned with keeping the kitchen clean.In fact,he scrubs the sinks and counters for half an hour each time someone puts something on them.In order to determine his diagnosis,a practitioner in North America would be most likely to consult the

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition (DSM-5) is the most widely used manual for diagnosing mental health disorders in North America. The behaviors exhibited by the housemate may fit the criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which is included in the DSM-5. A practitioner would use the criteria in the DSM-5 to determine a diagnosis and potential treatment plan for the individual. The other options listed are not applicable for diagnosing mental health disorders.

Question 11

Hippocrates played a major role in both how the causes and treatment of mental illness were viewed.However,his greatest contribution to psychology was

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates is best known for emphasizing natural causes of mental illness, moving away from supernatural explanations and laying the groundwork for a more scientific approach to understanding mental health.

Question 12

What is one difficulty in defining abnormal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Just because someone engages in unusual behaviour does not necessarily mean that it is abnormal according to established diagnostic criteria. Abnormal behaviour must meet certain criteria in order to be classified as a mental disorder.

Question 13

According to Hippocrates,mental disorders should be treated by which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

According to Hippocrates, mental disorders should be treated with a healthy diet and exercise. This approach focused on treating the person as a whole, rather than just trying to resolve specific symptoms. It emphasized the importance of nutrition, physical activity, and proper rest in maintaining good mental health.

Question 14

Perhaps the biggest problem with using inappropriate behaviour as a criterion for abnormal behaviour is

Accepted Answer

Different cultures and societies have different norms and values, which may impact what is considered appropriate behaviour. Therefore, using inappropriate behaviour as a criterion for abnormal behaviour can be problematic as it is subjective and can vary across time and location.

Question 15

Dr.Jayvonna is working with a patient who has to arrange and rearrange her food on her plate after each bite.Although her patient does not find this behaviour strange,other people find it odd.The definition of abnormality applicable to this patient is

Accepted Answer

The patient's behavior is considered abnormal because it violates societal norms, as others find it odd, even though the patient does not find it strange.

Question 16

Which one of the following groups of principles have been used to define abnormality?

Accepted Answer

The principles of infrequency, personal distress, and impaired functioning have been used to define abnormality. Infrequency refers to behaviors or experiences that are statistically rare, personal distress refers to subjective discomfort or emotional pain, and impaired functioning refers to behaviors or experiences that interfere with an individual's ability to function in their daily life.

Question 17

Plato and Aristotle accepted many of Hippocrate's ideas,but rejected others.Which of the following best describes their belief about the cause of mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Plato and Aristotle believed that mental illness had natural causes, rather than being caused by imbalances in bodily fluids, brain dysfunction, environmental factors, or lack of education. They believed that mental disorders had underlying biological and psychological causes that could be studied and understood.

Question 18

An ancient Greek was behaving quite aggressively and was quite short-tempered.He would likely have been diagnosed as having

Accepted Answer

In ancient Greek medicine, personality traits were thought to be determined by the balance of the four bodily humors - blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Yellow bile was associated with hotness and dryness, which could lead to anger and aggression if there was too much of it. Therefore, the ancient Greek mentioned in the question may have been diagnosed as having too much yellow bile.

Question 19

According to the text,behavior,speech or thought that impairs a person's functioning corresponds best to which concept below?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,behavior,speech or thought that...

Question 20

To whom can we credit with the original idea that dreams play an important role in understanding mental illness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of To whom can we credit with the...

Quiz 1: Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History