Question 1

Andrew is social,friendly,and understanding,and prefers activities that involve helping and developing others.Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him?
A)accountant
B)teacher
C)artist
D)news reporter

Accepted Answer

Andrew's personality traits of being social, friendly, and understanding make him a good fit for a profession where he can help and develop others. Teaching is a profession that involves guiding and shaping young minds, which aligns well with his preferences. The other options - accountant, artist, and news reporter - may not provide as many opportunities for helping others develop personally or professionally.

Question 2

When Darrin went to a career counselor,Joanna,he took a test that would allow the counselor to gain an insight into his personality.After speaking to Darrin and analyzing his answers in the test,Joanna realized that he is curious by nature.He preferred activities that involved understanding and organizing,and that he is basically analytical.Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him?
A)painter
B)farmer
C)social worker
D)news reporter

Accepted Answer

Darrin's preference for understanding, organizing, and analytical activities suggests that he has the traits of a journalist or news reporter. They are responsible for investigating and reporting on news events, requiring analytical skills and a desire for understanding.

Question 3

Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor.His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others,his decisions are as good as anybody else's.This information implies that Kevin has ________.
A)an external locus of control
B)low Machiavellianism
C)high risk-taking ability
D)low cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Kevin's ability to make good decisions quickly despite less information suggests that he has high risk-taking ability.

Question 4

________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior.
A)Perception
B)Behavior
C)Attribution
D)Social contrast

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory suggests that we make judgments about a person's behavior based on the meaning we ascribe to that behavior. It involves identifying the causes of a behavior, including whether it was due to the person's disposition or the situation they were in. This theory helps explain why people may judge others differently for the same behavior, depending on the explanations they come up with.

Question 5

Emotional intelligence has been shown to be ________.
A)negatively related to job performance at all levels
B)negatively related to job performance in middle management only
C)positively related to job performance only in government agencies
D)positively related to job performance at all levels

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found positive correlations between emotional intelligence and job performance across various levels and industries.

Question 6

________ behavior is voluntary or learned behavior.
A)Reflexive
B)Dissonant
C)Operant
D)Reactive

Accepted Answer

Operant behavior is behavior that is learned through consequences such as rewards or punishments, and is therefore voluntary. Reflexive behavior is involuntary and automatic, while dissonant behavior and reactive behavior are not commonly used terms in the study of behavior.

Question 7

What is a key point of Holland's theory?
A)There are no intrinsic differences in personality among individuals.
B)All jobs are relatively the same,it is personality types that differ.
C)People in job environments compatible with their personality types should be more satisfied.
D)Employee turnover is highest when personality and occupation are compatible.

Accepted Answer

Holland's theory emphasizes that people who work in job environments compatible with their personality types are more likely to be satisfied and successful in their careers. This concept is a key point of the theory and is often used in career counseling and job placement.

Question 8

________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck.
A)Assumed similarity
B)Stereotyping
C)Fundamental attribution error
D)Self-serving bias

Accepted Answer

This is describing the self-serving bias, in which individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors that they control, but their failures to external factors that they cannot control, such as luck or circumstances. This bias helps to protect an individual's self-esteem and maintain a positive self-image.

Question 9

A manager makes decisions very quickly and requires little information for making the decisions.Which of the following is a likely reason for this?
A)The manager has low self-esteem.
B)The manager has an external locus of control.
C)The manager is high in emotional stability.
D)The manager is high in risk-taking.

Accepted Answer

The manager's quick decision-making and low need for information suggest a high level of risk-taking, which correlates with a willingness to make decisions quickly without extensive analysis.

Question 10

When people judge someone on the basis of the perception of a group they are a part of,they are using the shortcut called ________.
A)stereotyping
B)self-serving bias
C)assumed similarity
D)the halo effect

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping is the shortcut where people judge someone based on the perception of the group they belong to. It is a cognitive shortcut that people use to simplify social information and make quick judgments. Self-serving bias is when people attribute their positive outcomes to personal factors and negative outcomes to external factors. Assumed similarity is the tendency for people to assume that others are similar to them in attitude, personality, and behavior. The halo effect is when people form an overall positive impression of someone based on a single positive trait or characteristic.

Question 11

In ________,the observer's perception of others is influenced more by the observer's own characteristics than by those of the person observed.
A)stereotyping
B)self-serving bias
C)assumed similarity
D)the halo effect

Accepted Answer

Assumed similarity occurs when an observer's perception of others is influenced more by the observer's own characteristics, beliefs, and experiences than by the actual characteristics of the person being observed. This leads to the assumption that others are similar to oneself even when this might not be the case.

Question 12

If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way,we can say the behavior shows ________.
A)reliability
B)distinctiveness
C)consensus
D)internal attribution

Accepted Answer

Consensus refers to the extent to which other people behave in the same way in response to a situation. If everyone responds in a similar way, there is high consensus, which can influence how we attribute the behavior.

Question 13

Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________.
A)the locus of control is external
B)an employee is social and realistic
C)personality and occupation are compatible
D)an employee can adjust behavior to external factors

Accepted Answer

Holland's theory suggests that job satisfaction and lower turnover are related to the compatibility between an individual's personality and the occupation they are in. Therefore, choice C, which states that satisfaction and turnover are highest when personality and occupation are compatible, is the correct choice.

Question 14

A test that Jake took at a career counseling session indicated that he preferred coordinated physical activity.He also turned out to be stable and conforming to expected standards.Which of the following occupations is likely to be a good match for Jake?
A)counselor
B)farmer
C)biologist
D)economist

Accepted Answer

The occupation of a farmer involves coordinated physical activity such as caring for the crops and livestock. Jake's stable and conforming nature would also be beneficial in this occupation as it requires following expected standards and procedures. The other occupations listed do not necessarily involve coordinated physical activity or have as direct a fit with Jake's personality traits.

Question 15

Bridget prefers rule-regulated,orderly,and unambiguous activities.She doesn't have a lot of imagination but could be described as conforming and efficient.Which of the following describes Bridget's personality?
A)social
B)artistic
C)enterprising
D)conventional

Accepted Answer

Bridget's preference for rule-regulated and orderly activities suggest that she values structure and a sense of control. Her efficiency and conforming behavior also indicates a preference for established norms and traditions, which are characteristic of the conventional personality type.

Question 16

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________.
A)fundamental attribution error
B)self-serving bias
C)assumption of similarity
D)halo effect

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to explain others' behavior based on their internal, dispositional factors rather than external situational factors. This means that we often underestimate the influence of external factors such as the situation or context in which the behavior occurs and overestimate the influence of internal factors such as personality or character traits. The other options are not directly related to this phenomenon.

Question 17

People who identify opportunities,show initiative,take action,and persevere until meaningful change occurs are said to have ________ personalities.
A)proactive
B)self-aware
C)resilient
D)agreeable

Accepted Answer

Proactive personalities are those who actively seek out opportunities, take initiative, and persist until they bring about meaningful change. They are not content to simply react to events but instead take an active role in shaping their lives and the world around them. This trait is highly valued in business and other contexts where leadership and problem-solving skills are required. Self-awareness, resilience, and agreeableness are also important traits, but they do not necessarily imply the same degree of proactivity and initiative.

Question 18

________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.
A)Attribution
B)Selection
C)Learning
D)Perception

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process of interpreting and organizing sensory information to make sense of the environment. It involves the way individuals select, process, and use information to create a meaningful understanding of the world around them. Perception can be influenced by many factors, such as personal experience, cultural background, and social interactions.

Question 19

The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________.
A)emotional stability
B)empathy
C)resilience
D)self-awareness

Accepted Answer

The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as empathy. Emotional stability refers to one's ability to handle and cope with intense emotional situations. Resilience refers to one's ability to bounce back from difficult situations. Self-awareness refers to having a clear understanding of one's own emotions and how they affect oneself and others.

Question 20

By using ________,we form a general impression about a person based on only a single characteristic,such as intelligence or appearance.
A)stereotyping
B)selectivity
C)the halo effect
D)assumed similarity

Accepted Answer

The halo effect occurs when we use one trait, such as intelligence or appearance, to form a general impression about a person, leading us to believe that they possess other positive traits as well. This can cause us to overlook negative traits or behaviors and make unfair assumptions about someone's character. Stereotyping involves applying a set of characteristics or beliefs to a whole group of people, while selectivity and assumed similarity do not relate to this concept.

Quiz 15: Understanding Individual Behavior

Andrew is social,friendly,and understanding,and prefers activities that involve helping and developing others.Which of the following occupations is a potentially good match for him?

Kevin is a whirlwind as a research and development supervisor.His colleagues are surprised that even though he makes decisions very quickly and always with less information than others,his decisions are as good as anybody else's.This information implies that Kevin has ________.

________ theory explains how we judge people differently depending on what meaning we ascribe to a given behavior.

Emotional intelligence has been shown to be ________.

________ behavior is voluntary or learned behavior.

What is a key point of Holland's theory?

________ is the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort while putting the blame for personal failure on external factors such as luck.

A manager makes decisions very quickly and requires little information for making the decisions.Which of the following is a likely reason for this?

When people judge someone on the basis of the perception of a group they are a part of,they are using the shortcut called ________.

In ________,the observer's perception of others is influenced more by the observer's own characteristics than by those of the person observed.

If everyone who's faced with a similar situation responds in the same way,we can say the behavior shows ________.

Holland's theory proposes that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when ________.

A test that Jake took at a career counseling session indicated that he preferred coordinated physical activity.He also turned out to be stable and conforming to expected standards.Which of the following occupations is likely to be a good match for Jake?

Bridget prefers rule-regulated,orderly,and unambiguous activities.She doesn't have a lot of imagination but could be described as conforming and efficient.Which of the following describes Bridget's personality?

Underestimating the influence of external factors and overestimating the influence of internal factors when making judgments about others is known as the ________.

People who identify opportunities,show initiative,take action,and persevere until meaningful change occurs are said to have ________ personalities.

________ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment.

The ability to sense how others are feeling is known as ________.

By using ________,we form a general impression about a person based on only a single characteristic,such as intelligence or appearance.