Question 1

The Big Five personality model is both ethnocentric and unique to the culture in which it is developed.

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality model is considered to be a universal framework for understanding personality traits, as it has been found to be applicable across different cultures and is not ethnocentric.

Question 2

Low self-esteem can be raised more by having the person think of desirable characteristics possessed rather than of undesirable characteristics from which he/she is free.

Accepted Answer

Focusing on desirable characteristics can help boost self-esteem, while dwelling on undesirable characteristics may have the opposite effect. Therefore, it is true that low self-esteem can be raised by having the person think of desirable characteristics they possess.

Question 3

Someone scoring negatively on extraversion would be prone to shyness and withdrawn behavior.

Accepted Answer

This is correct according to the generally accepted definitions of extraversion, which typically include traits such as outgoingness, assertiveness, and sociability. If someone scores negatively on extraversion, they are likely to exhibit the opposite of these traits, such as shyness and withdrawn behavior.

Question 4

Research has proved that intelligence is an innate capacity,passed genetically from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

While genetics can certainly play a role in intelligence, research has also shown that environmental factors such as education, nutrition, and exposure to experiences can have a significant impact on intelligence. Therefore, intelligence is not solely determined by genetics and is not necessarily an innate capacity.

Question 5

The concept of self-esteem includes one's awareness of self.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of self-esteem includes one's awareness...

Question 6

There is no "ideal personality" for an employee.

Accepted Answer

There is no one specific personality type or set of traits that is universally ideal for all types of jobs and industries. Different roles and organizations may value different qualities in their employees, and individuals with a range of strengths, skills, and personalities can succeed in the professional world.

Question 7

Unlike self-esteem,self-efficacy cannot be enhanced through training.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy can be enhanced through training and practice, as it is related to one's belief in their ability to succeed in specific tasks and situations. Techniques such as modeling, role-playing, and feedback can improve self-efficacy.

Question 8

People's opinion of themselves can be the cause of achievement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People's opinion of themselves can be the...

Question 9

A person who scores positively on the conscientiousness scale is generally relaxed,secure,and unworried.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. A person who scores positively on the conscientiousness scale is generally organized, responsible, and dependable, but not necessarily relaxed, secure, and unworried.

Question 10

Research strongly supports Professor Howard Gardner's model of multiple intelligences.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is influential but has been criticized for a lack of empirical evidence and scientific support.

Question 11

Over the last 70 years,the intelligence scores of people in developed countries have shown a steady and significant decline.

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect suggests that intelligence scores have generally increased over the past several decades in developed countries, although recent studies indicate that this trend may be slowing or reversing in some regions.

Question 12

Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that effort leads to performance.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their own efforts lead to outcomes and success, rather than external factors such as luck or chance.

Question 13

According to psychologist Charles Spearman,all types of cognitive performance are determined by two types of abilities: general mental ability and ability unique to the task at hand.

Accepted Answer

Charles Spearman proposed the theory of "general intelligence" (also known as "g" factor), which suggests that cognitive performance is determined by a general mental ability that underlies all intellectual tasks, as well as specific abilities that are unique to each task.

Question 14

Research suggests that the biggest changes in one's self-esteem happen in the first 10 years of adulthood with little significant change after age 30.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that self-esteem tends to increase during young adulthood, stabilizes in midlife, and may decline in old age, with the most significant changes occurring in the first decade of adulthood.

Question 15

Efficacy-performance cycles can spiral upward toward success or downward toward failure.

Accepted Answer

Efficacy, which refers to the belief in one's ability to perform well, can lead to improved performance, which in turn reinforces the belief in one's ability, resulting in a positive cycle upward toward success. On the other hand, low efficacy can lead to poor performance, further decreasing belief in one's ability, resulting in a negative cycle downward toward failure.

Question 16

Research reveals that of the Big Five personality dimensions,conscientiousness has the strongest positive correlation with job performance.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Conscientiousness has consistently been found to be the personality dimension that has the strongest positive correlation with job performance across a variety of occupations and industries.

Question 17

Self-efficacy is the belief about one's own self-worth based on an overall self-evaluation.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, not an evaluation of self-worth.

Question 18

According to research,the relationship between life satisfaction and self-esteem was much stronger in collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures.

Accepted Answer

Research generally suggests that the relationship between life satisfaction and self-esteem is stronger in individualistic cultures, where personal achievements and self-worth are emphasized, compared to collectivist cultures, which prioritize group harmony and interdependence.

Question 19

An individual with an external locus of control sees himself as master of his own fate,and not simply lucky.

Accepted Answer

An individual with an external locus of control believes that external factors such as luck and fate have a greater influence on their life outcomes than their own actions and decisions. Therefore, they do not see themselves as the master of their own fate.

Question 20

Boring and tedious jobs tend to enhance a person's perceived self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Boring and tedious jobs often do not enhance perceived self-efficacy because they may not provide opportunities for skill development or a sense of accomplishment, which are important for building self-efficacy.

Quiz 5: Appreciating Individual Differences: Intelligence, ability, personality, core Self-Evaluations, attitudes, and Emotions