Question 1

_____ is a learned predisposition toward a given object.

Accepted Answer

Attitude is a learned predisposition toward a given object, which can influence a person's behavior and decision-making. It is formed through experiences, beliefs, and values, and can be positive, negative, or neutral. Attitudes can be influenced by factors such as culture, family, peers, and media.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that mentoring can improve employees' self-efficacy expectations for key tasks. Option A is incorrect as self-efficacy tests can be used at any stage of development but may require validation. Option B is incorrect as challenging jobs tend to increase self-efficacy rather than lower it. Option D is incorrect as goals should be made more challenging as self-efficacy improves. Option E is incorrect as employees with high self-efficacy may require less feedback and guidance.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about one's locus of control?

Accepted Answer

Internals display greater work motivation than externals. This is because internals believe that they have control over their outcomes and are more likely to take responsibility for their successes and failures, which leads to greater motivation to perform well. Externals, on the other hand, believe that their outcomes are determined by external factors outside of their control, which can lead to lower motivation to perform well.

Question 4

According to a survey of students from 31 countries worldwide,a _____ correlation was found between self-esteem and self-satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

A moderate positive correlation indicates that as self-esteem increases, self-satisfaction tends to increase as well, but not perfectly.

Question 5

Tia has a debilitating belief that she has no control over her environment.Her condition can be described as:

Accepted Answer

Tia's belief that she has no control over her environment is indicative of learned helplessness. This is a psychological condition where a person's repeated exposure to negative and uncontrollable events leads them to develop a belief that they are helpless and cannot influence or control their circumstances. This can lead to feelings of depression, anxiety, and an overall sense of powerlessness.

Question 6

_____ is a person's belief about his/her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in his/her ability to successfully perform a specific task or handle a particular situation. It is an important aspect of motivation and can have a significant impact on a person's behavior and performance. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall evaluation of his/her worth and value as a person, while spatial ability refers to a person's ability to understand and manipulate spatial relationships. Self-control and self-management refer to a person's ability to regulate his/her own thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to achieve goals or maintain self-discipline.

Question 7

The _____ component of an attitude contains the feelings or emotions one has about a given object or situation.

Accepted Answer

The affective component of an attitude involves the emotional feelings and reactions someone has towards an object or situation. The cognitive component relates to the beliefs and knowledge a person has, while the behavioral component involves actions taken towards the object or situation. Learned and dissonant are not relevant to the components of attitudes.

Question 8

People with _____ view themselves in negative terms.They do not feel good about themselves and are hampered by self-doubts.

Accepted Answer

People with low self-esteem view themselves in negative terms and are hampered by self-doubts.

Question 9

Low self-efficacy is associated with a condition called ____,the severely debilitating belief that one has no control over one's environment.

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a condition in which an individual believes that they have no control over their environment, leading to feelings of helplessness and potential depression. Low self-efficacy, or the belief that one is not capable of doing something, is often linked to learned helplessness.

Question 10

Individuals with _____ tend to be relaxed,secure,unworried,and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.

Accepted Answer

High levels of emotional stability, also known as low neuroticism, are associated with being relaxed, secure, and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.

Question 11

People who believe their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control are said to possess:

Accepted Answer

People who believe their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control have an external locus of control.

Question 12

A meta-analysis encompassing over 20,000 subjects found _____ between self-efficacy and job performance.

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis found a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and job performance.

Question 13

When Ronnie was nominated to take on the coordinator's role in office,he said,"I'd love to take on the coordinator's role for the team,but I'm terrified of getting up in front of a group and talking." It is evident that Ronnie has a(n):

Accepted Answer

Ronnie's fear of public speaking indicates a low self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's ability to successfully perform a specific task or behavior. He may doubt his ability to successfully fulfill the responsibilities of the coordinator role because of his fear.

Question 14

People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives are said to possess:

Accepted Answer

People with an internal locus of control believe that their actions and decisions have a direct impact on the outcomes of events in their lives. They feel that they have control over what happens to them, as opposed to people with an external locus of control who feel that external forces and factors beyond their control determine the course of their lives. Practical intelligence, learned helplessness, and low self-efficacy are related to but not interchangeable with locus of control.

Question 15

Anthony received an "A" on the final exam of Organizational Behavior.When asked by his roommate how he managed to pull an "A" on the final,he replied,"I'm just lucky." Anthony can be described as having:

Accepted Answer

Anthony's statement of being "just lucky" implies that he believes external factors such as luck played a greater role in his success rather than his own actions or abilities. This indicates an external locus of control, where individuals believe their outcomes are largely determined by forces outside of their control.

Question 16

The _____ component of an attitude reflects the evaluation or belief one has about an object or situation.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive component of attitude pertains to the beliefs and thoughts a person has about an object or situation. It reflects the evaluation or judgment a person makes, based on his/her experiences, knowledge or facts about the object/situation.

Question 17

Betty,a manager for Oil Traders,Inc.,has been offered a promotion.She has the option of deciding which country she will work in.Her preference is to work in a culture where the correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction is not strong.Based on what research tells us,which of the following countries should Betty choose?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that in collectivist cultures like Japan, the correlation between self-esteem and life satisfaction is weaker compared to individualist cultures like Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United States.

Question 18

Joe believes his past performance in college is due to the difficulty of courses he has taken and his bad luck in getting tough instructors.Based on this,Joe:

Accepted Answer

Joe's belief that his past performance in college is due to external factors such as course difficulty and tough instructors reflects an external locus of control. This means that he believes his outcomes are primarily influenced by factors outside of his control, rather than his own actions and abilities.

Question 19

The relationship between self-efficacy and performance is:

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy and performance have a cyclical relationship, where higher self-efficacy can lead to better performance, which in turn can further enhance self-efficacy.

Question 20

People with _____ see themselves as masters of their own fate.

Accepted Answer

People with an internal locus of control believe that their actions and decisions directly influence the outcomes they experience. They feel empowered to take control and make decisions to shape their lives, which is why they see themselves as masters of their own fate. People with an external locus of control, on the other hand, believe that external factors such as luck, chance or other people control their outcomes.

Quiz 5: Appreciating Individual Differences: Intelligence, ability, personality, core Self-Evaluations, attitudes, and Emotions