Question 1

An attitude is

Accepted Answer

An attitude is a learned predisposition to respond to a given object, which could be a person, event, or object. It influences behavior and can be positive, negative, or neutral. Attitudes are formed through direct experience, socialization, and exposure to media and other sources of information.

Question 2

What term refers to the employees' attachment to and involvement with the organization?

Accepted Answer

Affective commitment refers to the emotional attachment, identification, and involvement that an employee has with their organization.

Question 3

According to the relationship among Schwartz's values illustrated in Figure 4.1,the values benevolence and hedonism are:

Accepted Answer

Benevolence and hedonism are in opposing directions in Schwartz's value theory, indicating they are strongly unrelated. Benevolence focuses on the welfare of others, while hedonism emphasizes personal pleasure.

Question 4

The three components of attitude are:

Accepted Answer

The three components of attitude are cognitive (the beliefs or thoughts one holds about an object, person, or situation), affective (the emotional or feeling response to the object, person, or situation), and behavioral (the inclination to act towards the object, person, or situation). Choice A includes "cognitive dissonance component" which is not typically considered a separate component of attitude. Choice B includes "subjective component" which is not a commonly recognized component of attitude. Choice D includes "subject component" which is not a commonly recognized component of attitude. Choice E includes "terminal component" and "instrumental component" which are not commonly recognized components of attitude.

Question 5

Enduring beliefs that give our lives meaning are known as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enduring beliefs that give our lives meaning...

Question 6

Anthony refused to go on a business trip as his child was having surgery.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Anthony's refusal to go on a business trip because his child was having surgery indicates a lack of value congruence between his personal values (family first) and potentially the organizational values or expectations (prioritizing work commitments).

Question 7

The proposed relationships among Schwartz's 10 values are illustrated in a circular pattern in Figure 4.1.Which of the following values are positively related?

Accepted Answer

Power and achievement are positively related because both values emphasize personal success, dominance, and control over resources, aligning with Schwartz's theory that adjacent values in the circular model share similar motivational goals.

Question 8

Value conflict can lead to higher employee turnover throughout the organization.Which of the following statements about value conflict is true?

Accepted Answer

Intrapersonal value conflict refers to a conflict within an individual's own values, whereas interpersonal value conflict refers to conflicts between two or more individuals' values. Individual-organization value conflict is a conflict between an individual's values and the values of the organization. Of the three types of value conflict related to an individual's attitude and overall job satisfaction (individual-organization, individual-group, and individual-person), all can directly impact performance and ultimately lead to higher employee turnover. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 9

Monique does not lie or cheat and values honesty at all times.She is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Monique's behavior aligns with the value of benevolence, which prioritizes the welfare of others and avoids causing harm. Her refusal to lie or cheat demonstrates a concern for fairness and honesty towards others.

Question 10

Festinger theorized that people will seek to reduce cognitive dissonance by

Accepted Answer

Festinger proposed that individuals will seek to reduce the discomfort of cognitive dissonance by using any or all of the strategies listed in options A through D. Therefore, all the choices are correct as a way of reducing cognitive dissonance.

Question 11

Providing the means for employees to practice their faith is

Accepted Answer

Providing the means for employees to practice their faith can be a win for both the organization and the employee. It can lead to increased employee satisfaction and loyalty, as well as a more diverse and inclusive workplace culture. It may also be required under human rights legislation, as employers have a duty to accommodate employees' religious beliefs to the point of undue hardship. However, there may be individual/organization value conflicts that need to be addressed in implementing religious accommodations.

Question 12

Practical insights about work/family conflict include:

Accepted Answer

All of the responses are practical insights about work/family conflict. Flexibility in work hours and a supportive family philosophy by the employer can help alleviate conflict. However, even self-employment can bring its own unique challenges to work/family balance. Ultimately, it is necessary for individuals to actively manage their work/family conflict in order to achieve a healthy balance.

Question 13

Value similarity refers to

Accepted Answer

Value similarity refers to the degree of consensus among family members about family values. It is a measure of how similar the values and beliefs of family members are, and how well they align with each other. It is an important factor in maintaining healthy family relationships and resolving conflicts.

Question 14

Ali has a positive attitude towards work.He is more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Ali's positive attitude towards work means he is likely to be motivated to work harder and longer hours if needed.

Question 15

Which of the following values do NOT guide behaviour according to Schwartz?

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is not listed as one of the values that guide behavior according to Schwartz's theory of basic human values. The values that guide behavior, as identified in Schwartz's theory, are self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, conformity, tradition, benevolence, universalism.

Question 16

Marcia feels she has an obligation to her employer and to continue employment at the organization.This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Normative commitment refers to an employee feeling a sense of obligation to remain with an organization due to a perceived moral or ethical obligation, such as loyalty to the employer or a sense of debt for the opportunities provided by the organization. This is different from affective commitment, which is an emotional attachment to the organization, and from continuance commitment, which is a perception that leaving the organization would lead to negative consequences such as loss of benefits or seniority. Normative commitment is a type of organizational commitment, which refers to an employee's loyalty and attachment to their organization. The psychological contract is a concept that refers to the unwritten, informal expectations and obligations that exist between an employer and employee.

Question 17

What term refers to the awareness of financial loss associated with leaving the organization?

Accepted Answer

Continuance commitment refers to the employee's awareness of financial loss associated with leaving the organization. It is different from affective commitment, which pertains to an emotional attachment to the organization, and normative commitment, which is based on a sense of obligation to stay with the organization. Organizational commitment is a broader term that encompasses all forms of commitment to the organization, while the psychological contract refers to the expectations and obligations between the employee and the organization.

Question 18

According to Schwartz,excitement,novelty,and challenge in life is the definition and underlying motive of which value?

Accepted Answer

Schwartz identifies excitement, novelty, and challenge as defining characteristics of the value of stimulation. This value is focused on seeking out new and interesting experiences and sensations.

Question 19

Organizational commitment is

Accepted Answer

Organizational commitment is the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and its goals. It involves a psychological attachment and commitment to the organization and its values.

Question 20

Evelyn launched a business venture even though her spouse wanted to be the sole breadwinner.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This situation demonstrates a lack of family value similarity, as Evelyn's decision to launch a business goes against her spouse's desire to be the sole breadwinner. If they had value similarity, they would both agree on the importance of either both pursuing careers or one being the main provider while the other takes care of the household.

Quiz 4: Understanding Social Perception and Managing Diversity