Question 1

Jane considers her job success to be due to her hard work,her in-depth knowledge,and her understanding of the job.At times of job failures,Jane believes she was not supported by her peers and did not receive all the information required for success.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates self-serving bias, which refers to the tendency to attribute success to internal, stable factors (such as one's own abilities and efforts) and to attribute failures to external, situational factors (such as lack of support or information).

Question 2

"I am very hungry." Which salient stimuli would the speaker most likely pay attention to?

Accepted Answer

The salient stimulus that the speaker would most likely pay attention to is a fast food restaurant, as they are feeling hungry and would be looking for a quick source of food. The other options are not relevant to their state of hunger.

Question 3

An individual's performance demonstrates high consensus when it varies from their group's performance.

Accepted Answer

High consensus in performance indicates that an individual's performance is similar to that of their group, not varying from it.

Question 4

What is fundamental attribution bias?

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution bias refers to the tendency to emphasize personal characteristics or traits rather than situational factors when explaining someone else's behavior.

Question 5

Which of the following statements most accurately defines "social cognition?"

Accepted Answer

Social cognition is the study of how people perceive, process, and interpret information about themselves and others in their social environment. Therefore, option C which states "the study of how people perceive each other" is the most accurate statement among the given options.

Question 6

According to Kelley's Model,behaviour is attributed to internal factors when observed behaviour is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Kelley's Model states that behaviour is attributed to internal factors when the observed behaviour is characterized by low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. This means that the behaviour is not typical for most people in the given situation (low consensus), is not affected by the specific context or environment (low distinctiveness), and is consistent across different situations over time (high consistency). Choice C represents these characteristics.

Question 7

Common forms of stereotypes include:

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are common forms of stereotypes. Gender-role stereotypes pertain to expected behavior based on gender. Age stereotypes assume certain traits or behaviors based on a person's age. Racial and ethnic stereotypes are generalizations made about individuals based on their race or ethnicity.

Question 8

Perception is the process of interpreting one's environment.

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process of taking in information from one's environment, organizing it, and interpreting it in a meaningful way.

Question 9

Individuals interpret events differently.The reasons for the different interpretations may be due to

Accepted Answer

All of these factors can play a role in how individuals interpret events. People's interpretations can be influenced by the information they have available, their current emotional state, recent experiences that may have shaped their perspective, and any individual differences they possess. It is important to recognize and consider these various factors when seeking to understand why people may have different interpretations of the same event.

Question 10

According to experts,implicit cognition can be reduced by:

Accepted Answer

Both training managers on interview techniques and using a structured interview process have been shown to reduce the impact of implicit cognition on hiring decisions. By using a structured interview process and specific interview techniques, managers can focus on the applicant's qualifications and abilities rather than allowing unconscious biases and impressions to influence their decisions.

Question 11

Managers who conduct performance appraisals need to

Accepted Answer

Managers should use objective criteria to identify and measure good performance. Subjectivity can lead to unfair evaluations. Relying solely on memory can result in inaccuracies, so it is recommended that managers keep records of employee performance throughout the year. Quantitative measures are important, but should be balanced with qualitative measures such as employee behaviors and attitudes. Providing feedback more frequently than once a year is also recommended.

Question 12

The CEO allowed each executive team member to defend his or her department budgetary allocation that would result in a financial loss.This is an example of which negatively perceived leadership behaviour?

Accepted Answer

This behavior exemplifies "getting the team to work as individuals" rather than fostering a collaborative environment, as it isolates each executive's responsibility to defend their own department's budget, potentially undermining team unity and collective decision-making.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a stage of social perception?

Accepted Answer

Cognition is not a stage of social perception; it is a broader process that involves acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Social perception specifically refers to the process of interpreting information about other people.

Question 14

A student arrived 30 minutes late for an exam.The professor gave the student the full time for the exam even though the student admitted she was late as she stopped for a coffee.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The professor's decision to give the student the full time for the exam despite being late is an example of the leniency effect. The professor is showing leniency towards the student by not penalizing them for being late or deducting their exam time.

Question 15

Helen is working by herself at a shoe store as her two colleagues are at home sick.Her supervisor comments on the messy displays and poor customer service,ignoring that the store is short staffed.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The supervisor's comments reflect a fundamental attribution bias, where they attribute the messy displays and poor customer service to Helen's personal characteristics or abilities, ignoring situational factors such as the store being short-staffed.

Question 16

What does central tendency effect refer to?

Accepted Answer

The central tendency effect refers to the inclination to avoid making extreme judgments about something, instead favoring more moderate or middle-ground evaluations. This can occur in various contexts, such as performance reviews, where evaluators might be reluctant to rate individuals or items at the extreme ends of a scale, preferring instead to choose options closer to the average or midpoint.

Question 17

Attribution models can be used by managers to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attribution models can be used by managers...

Question 18

The students compared their current professors when completing the evaluation of teaching surveys.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The students are comparing their current professors to each other, which can create a contrast effect where each professor is evaluated in comparison to the others rather than on their own individual merit.

Question 19

In the social perception model,what is the third stage of social perception?

Accepted Answer

The third stage of social perception is storage and retention, following the initial stages of encoding and simplification, and comprehension.

Question 20

A key managerial challenge is

Accepted Answer

The option D refers to reducing the extent to which stereotypes influence decision making and interpersonal processes throughout the organization. This is a key managerial challenge as stereotypes can lead to biased decision making, which can negatively impact the employees as well as the organization as a whole. It is essential for managers to recognize and address stereotyping behaviors to create a more inclusive and diverse workplace culture.

Quiz 2: Organizational Culture,socialization,and Mentoring