Luccia's Is a Restaurant Based in Illinois That Exclusively Sells

Luccia's is a restaurant based in Illinois that exclusively sells Italian food. Luccia's sells the rights to its recipes to a British firm, Clover Trading, which then opens an outlet in London under the Luccia's brand name. Which kind of channel arrangement does Luccia's most likely have with Clover Trading?

A) a horizontal marketing system
B) a direct marketing system
C) an administered vertical marketing system
D) a contractual vertical marketing system
E) a corporate vertical marketing system