Question 1

The adage "Out of sight,out of mind" is most accurately applied to the early part of the _______ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The adage "Out of sight, out of mind" refers to the inability to understand objects or people that are not physically present. This concept is central to the sensorimotor stage of development, which occurs from birth to about 2 years of age. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and through their actions on the environment. They do not yet have the ability to form mental representations of objects or people that are not currently present, which is why they often stop thinking about something as soon as they stop seeing or hearing it.

Question 2

In which stage of cognitive development does the conservation concept first appear?

Accepted Answer

The conservation concept first appears in the concrete operational stage (age 7-11), which is characterized by the development of logical thinking and the ability to understand conservation, reversibility, and class inclusion. In this stage, children can understand that even if the appearance of an object changes, the fundamental properties remain the same. In contrast, children in the preoperational stage cannot understand conservation and are prone to perceptual errors. Formal operations, the final stage of cognitive development, is characterized by abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning.

Question 3

What event marks the end of the Piagetian stage of sensorimotor development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget considered object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight, to mark the end of the sensorimotor stage of development.

Question 4

According to Piaget,the stage of cognitive development between two and seven years of age,in which the individual becomes able to use mental representations and language to describe,remember,and reason about the world,though only in an egocentric fashion,is the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The preoperational stage, according to Piaget, occurs between the ages of 2 and 7 and is characterized by the ability to use mental representations and language to describe, remember, and reason about the world. However, this ability is limited by egocentric thinking, meaning the inability to understand other people's perspectives. Therefore, choice B, preoperational, is the correct answer.

Question 5

Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short,wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall,narrow glass.Actually,both glasses contain the same amount of soda.This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of

Accepted Answer

Tammy's mistaken belief that the short, wide glass contains less soda shows that she does not yet have the concept of conservation, which is the understanding that the amount of a substance remains the same even if its appearance or arrangement changes. In this case, the appearance of the glass (short and wide vs. tall and narrow) led Tammy to believe that the amount of soda had changed, when in reality it had not. Egocentrism (B) refers to the child's belief that everyone sees the world from their own perspective, assimilation (C) refers to the process of fitting new information into existing schemas, and object permanence (D) refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. While these can all be important concepts for a developing child to learn, they are not directly related to Tammy's mistaken belief about the glasses.

Question 6

When Angela plays the game "peek-a-boo!" with her infant,Michael,he cries every time,thinking his mom has disappeared.Which concept has Michael yet to develop?

Accepted Answer

Michael has yet to develop the concept of object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. In the game of peek-a-boo, he thinks that his mom has disappeared because he cannot see her, indicating a lack of object permanence.

Question 7

A developmental psychologist presents the conservation-of-liquid task to groups of three-,five-,and seven-year-olds to measure the children's grasp of the concept of conservation.Which type of study is being described?

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study involves comparing individuals of different ages at one point in time. In this case, the researcher is comparing the performance of three-, five-, and seven-year-olds on the conservation-of-liquid task at one point in time. This allows for a quick and efficient way to collect data and compare groups of different ages.

Question 8

A child learns that his father is called "Daddy." The next day,he calls his uncle "Daddy." Which term best captures this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process by which a child incorporates new information or experiences into their existing cognitive structures or schema. In this case, the child has learned that a male figure can be referred to as "Daddy," and is now applying that label to his uncle.

Question 9

Three-year-old Zara calls all four-legged animals "kitties." Her tendency to fit all four-legged animals into her existing conception of a kitten illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of fitting new experiences into existing mental structures or schemas. In this case, Zara is assimilating all four-legged animals into her existing schema of a "kitty." The other options are not appropriate as conservation refers to understanding that the amount or quantity of an object remains the same even if its appearance changes; accommodation refers to changing one's existing schema to fit new experiences or information; and egocentrism refers to a child's difficulty in taking the perspective of others.

Question 10

A group of psychologists studies how adults change and grow,both psychologically and physiologically,as they age.These psychologists are most likely

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychologists are concerned with studying how individuals change and grow throughout their lifespan, including both psychological and physiological changes. Therefore, this is the most fitting option for the described research topic.

Question 11

Linda adopted a 1-week-old baby named Ben.Over the course of a few years,Linda observed the following symptoms in Ben despite her attempts to provide him with a healthy environment: his physical growth was stunted,his eyes and mouth looked abnormal,and he had trouble keeping up intellectually with the other children in his kindergarten class.What substance was Ben likely exposed to in utero?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are consistent with fetal alcohol syndrome, which occurs when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol and it crosses the placental barrier, affecting fetal development. Nicotine and cocaine use during pregnancy can also have negative effects on the developing fetus, but the symptoms described are more indicative of alcohol exposure. Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is not typically associated with fetal developmental problems.

Question 12

Adjusting behaviour or thoughts to fit new environmental demands is called

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to the process of modifying existing schemas or creating new ones to fit new environmental demands, while assimilation refers to the process of fitting new information into existing schemas. Structure and schema refer to the organization of knowledge in the mind.

Question 13

_______ is most famous for his theory that all children go through a series of sequential intellectual stages.

Accepted Answer

Piaget is most famous for his theory of cognitive development, which outlines a series of sequential stages through which children progress as they develop their intellectual abilities. This theory has been widely influential in the fields of psychology, education, and child development.

Question 14

A child and her mother are walking through an aquarium.The child knows there are such things as fish,but has never seen a starfish before.Upon seeing one,she says "See the fishie." Which term best explains the child's comment?

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of fitting new experiences into our existing mental schemas or categories. In this scenario, the child has a mental schema for "fish" and is trying to fit the new experience of seeing a starfish into that category, hence calling it a "fishie."

Question 15

The first time that four-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute,she thought it was simply a large whistle.Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

Sarah's interpretation of the flute as a large whistle is an example of assimilation, where she integrates this new experience into her existing framework or understanding of similar objects.

Question 16

The mother of a young child who didn't like to drink milk was trying to coax him to drink some.Taking the glass of milk,she poured it all into a smaller cup and said,"There! Now you won't have to drink so much." She would never have fooled the child if he had not been in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The child's dislike of drinking milk indicates that he is likely in the preoperational stage of development, which is characterized by egocentrism, a lack of conservation, and centration. In other words, the child may not yet be able to understand that the amount of milk is the same, regardless of the size or shape of the container, making it more likely for him to be fooled by the mother's trick of pouring the milk into a smaller cup.

Question 17

The __________ roughly resembles a human being.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ roughly resembles a human being.
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Question 18

A developmental psychologist is interested in the trait of neuroticism and wants to study how the trait develops over a particular person's lifespan.Which term best characterizes this type of study?

Accepted Answer

The term longitudinal best characterizes this type of study because it involves following a particular person over a long period of time and measuring changes in the trait of neuroticism.

Question 19

What does research on the achievement of motor milestones in infants suggest?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does research on the achievement of...

Question 20

Piaget's stage theory assumes that

Accepted Answer

Piaget's stage theory proposes that children progress through four universal stages of cognitive development, but they do not necessarily progress at the same rate or reach the stages at the same ages. However, all children pass through the stages in the same order.

Quiz 10: B: Lifespan Development