Question 1

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of
A)his extensive use of laboratory research to support his claims.
B)the emphasis he placed on Eastern philosophies and culture.
C)the emphasis he placed on unconscious processes.
D)his emphasis on environmental learning as the source of most personality characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories differed from his predecessors because he emphasized the role of unconscious processes in shaping human behavior and personality. This was a significant departure from the dominant theories of the time which placed more emphasis on conscious, rational thought and behavior.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by
A)Fritz Perls.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Alfred Adler.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysis was developed by Sigmund Freud.

Question 3

A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them.This therapist is most likely to be a
A)client-centred therapist.
B)psychoanalyst.
C)cognitive therapist.
D)behaviour therapist.

Accepted Answer

A therapist who is interested in dream interpretation and having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them is likely to be a psychoanalyst. Psychoanalysis places a strong emphasis on the interpretation of unconscious thoughts and desires revealed through dreams, as well as free association (encouraging clients to speak without censorship) as a key element of therapy.

Question 4

Dr.Martian claims that aliens are real and have been performing mind experiments on humans for years.Which principle of critical thinking is most important to consider when evaluating this claim?
A)being curious
B)avoiding emotional reasoning
C)examining the nature of the source of the evidence
D)tolerating ambiguity

Accepted Answer

When evaluating a claim, it is important to examine the nature of the source of the evidence. In this case, Dr.Martian is the source of the claim, and it is important to consider his credibility, expertise, and potential biases when evaluating the claim about aliens and mind experiments. The other principles of critical thinking may also be important in evaluating the claim, but examining the source is the most relevant in this case.

Question 5

It is generally agreed that psychology was born in
A)1642.
B)1853.
C)1879.
D)1906.

Accepted Answer

Psychology is generally considered to have been born in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany.

Question 6

As a science,psychology is approximately how old?
A)50 years
B)100+ years
C)150 years
D)2500 years,since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

Accepted Answer

Psychology as a science is over 100 years old, dating back to the late 19th century when Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in 1879. While the field has roots in philosophy and observation of human behavior that date back to ancient Greece, the study of psychology as a formal scientific discipline is more recent.

Question 7

Psychologists use research techniques based on
A)inductive reasoning.
B)objective introspection.
C)deductive reasoning.
D)the scientific method.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists use the scientific method to conduct their research, which involves forming hypotheses, collecting data through observation and experimentation, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions. This approach is based on empirical evidence and allows for replication and verification of findings. Inductive reasoning, subjective introspection, and deductive reasoning may also be used in psychology, but they are not the primary research techniques.

Question 8

The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood was proposed by
A)Perls.
B)Moniz.
C)Pinel.
D)Freud.

Accepted Answer

The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood is a central concept in Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Question 9

Of the following,which type of therapist would be more interested in a client's past rather than their current situation?
A)psychoanalytic
B)rational-emotive
C)behavioural
D)Gestalt

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic therapists are interested in a client's past experiences, particularly childhood experiences, as they believe that unresolved conflicts from the past can manifest as problems in the present. They use techniques such as free association and dream analysis to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings from the client's past.

Question 10

Structuralism emphasizes
A)individual differences.
B)the application of biological principles to the mind.
C)the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behaviour.
D)the basic units of experience and their combinations.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focuses on identifying the basic units of experience, such as sensations and feelings, and how they combine to create more complex experiences. It does not emphasize individual differences, the application of biological principles, or the influence of subconscious urges.

Question 11

Modern psychology is said to have begun when
A)Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
B)Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
C)Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Accepted Answer

While Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato did discuss psychological concepts, modern psychology is often traced back to Wilhelm Wundt's opening of the first psychology laboratory in 1879. This was the first scientific approach to psychology, emphasizing the use of experiments and scientific methods to study behavior and mental processes. While psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud was influential in the development of psychology, it was not the beginning or sole defining factor. The discovery of illnesses with no medical basis may have contributed to the development of psychology as a way to address these mental health issues, but it was not the beginning of modern psychology.

Question 12

Freud was the founder of
A)existential psychology.
B)behavioural psychology.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)behaviourism.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is considered the founder of psychoanalysis, which is a psychological approach that emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 13

Titchener was a member of the ___________ school of thought.
A)structuralist
B)functionalist
C)behaviourist
D)reductionist

Accepted Answer

Titchener is considered to be one of the major figures in the structuralist school of thought, which focused on analyzing the basic elements of consciousness and their relationships to each other.

Question 14

Steve,a university student,is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people.His counsellor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents and his childhood experiences with them.Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?
A)behaviourism
B)psychoanalytic
C)humanistic
D)Gestalt

Accepted Answer

Steve's therapist's focus on unresolved conflicts from childhood experiences with his parents suggests a psychoanalytic approach to psychology, which emphasizes the impact of unconscious thoughts and experiences on behavior and mental processes.

Question 15

Freud believed that many psychological problems were the result of
A)feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
B)genetic factors.
C)organic disturbances.
D)the identity crises.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, many psychological problems stem from unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions from childhood experiences. This can lead to disturbances in adult emotional and behavioral functioning.

Question 16

The first psychology laboratory was founded by
A)Wundt.
B)James.
C)Titchener.
D)Watson.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879.

Question 17

Which claim is falsifiable?
A)Men are more physically aggressive than women.
B)A weak superego is at the root of psychopathy.
C)Bad things happen to bad people because of karma.
D)Introspection is a valid approach to studying sensation.

Accepted Answer

Claim A can be tested through empirical observation and evidence. It is possible to gather data and assess whether men are more physically aggressive than women or not. However, claims B, C, and D are not easily testable or verifiable through empirical methods.

Question 18

Proponents of speed-reading courses hold stubbornly to their beliefs,despite contradictory evidence.Which aspect of pseudoscience is being characterized?
A)intolerance of ambiguity
B)reliance on emotional evidence
C)lack of self-correction
D)absence of connectivity

Accepted Answer

The characteristic being described is the "lack of self-correction," as proponents of speed-reading courses do not accept contradictory evidence that goes against their beliefs. This is a common aspect of pseudoscience, as it shows a resistance to updating or changing beliefs based on new information or evidence.

Question 19

Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud?
A)the preconscious mind
B)the conscious area
C)suppressions
D)the unconscious

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis focused heavily on the unconscious mind and its influence on human behavior. He believed that repressed thoughts and feelings from the unconscious could lead to psychological distress and ultimately influence an individual's actions and thoughts without their awareness. The unconscious mind held the greatest fascination for Freud as he believed it held the key to understanding human behavior and resolving psychological issues.

Question 20

Dr.Siela claims that all humans have invisible souls that guide their behaviour.Which principle of a good scientific theory is most important to consider when evaluating this claim?
A)replicability
B)Occam's razor
C)ruling out rival hypotheses
D)falsifiability

Accepted Answer

Falsifiability is the most important principle to consider because a theory must be testable and potentially disprovable by evidence. The claim about invisible souls guiding behaviour cannot be tested or falsified, making it unscientific. Occam's razor and ruling out rival hypotheses are also important principles, but they are secondary to falsifiability. Replicability is important, but it is not directly applicable to this particular claim about the existence of souls.

Quiz 1: B: Introducing Psychological Science

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by

A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them.This therapist is most likely to be a

Dr.Martian claims that aliens are real and have been performing mind experiments on humans for years.Which principle of critical thinking is most important to consider when evaluating this claim?

It is generally agreed that psychology was born in

As a science,psychology is approximately how old?

Psychologists use research techniques based on

The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood was proposed by

Of the following,which type of therapist would be more interested in a client's past rather than their current situation?

Structuralism emphasizes

Modern psychology is said to have begun when

Freud was the founder of

Titchener was a member of the ___________ school of thought.

Steve,a university student,is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people.His counsellor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents and his childhood experiences with them.Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?

Freud believed that many psychological problems were the result of

The first psychology laboratory was founded by

Which claim is falsifiable?

Proponents of speed-reading courses hold stubbornly to their beliefs,despite contradictory evidence.Which aspect of pseudoscience is being characterized?

Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud?

Dr.Siela claims that all humans have invisible souls that guide their behaviour.Which principle of a good scientific theory is most important to consider when evaluating this claim?