Question 1

Mrs.Pollard is expecting her first child.She and her husband both have schizophrenia.Their child's risk of developing schizophrenia is about:

Accepted Answer

The child of parents with schizophrenia has a higher risk of developing the disorder. The risk is estimated to be about 10% if one parent has schizophrenia, and up to 40% if both parents have the disorder. In this case, both parents have schizophrenia, so the child's risk is around 30%.

Question 2

Chase stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer.He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse.He dumped the purse in an alley,went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee,and then got on a train.On the train,a woman accidentally stepped on his foot,so he threw the hot coffee on her and laughed.Chase would be considered to have a(n)_______ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Chase's behavior shows a consistent disregard for the rights of others and a violation of societal norms, which are characteristic traits of individuals with an antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is also commonly referred to as sociopathy or psychopathy.

Question 3

_____ disorders are defined by an enduring,inflexible pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the expectations of an individual's culture.

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders are defined by a persistent pattern of behavior and inner experience that deviates significantly from cultural expectations, causing significant distress or impairment in personal, social, and occupational areas of functioning. Dissociative disorders are characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity. Trauma-related disorders and anxiety disorders are defined by specific symptoms related to traumatic experiences or excessive fear or worry, respectively.

Question 4

Schizophrenia is associated with a(n):

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently reported a decrease in total brain volume in individuals with schizophrenia compared to those without the disorder. This reduction in brain volume is most prominent in certain brain regions such as the prefrontal and temporal cortices, hippocampus, and amygdala.

Question 5

Stacy has to be the life of the party.She wears revealing clothing,even around her married friends' husbands.This behavior has upset a number of her friends,especially when she asked a friend's boyfriend out.On any given weekend,Stacy can be seen at a club,dancing on a table.Stacy may be considered to have _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Stacy's behavior of seeking attention and being the life of the party, wearing revealing clothing, and asking a friend's boyfriend out are all characteristic of histrionic personality disorder. Histrionic individuals are often attention-seeking, dramatic, and have a need to be the center of attention. This disorder is often characterized by inappropriate sexual flirtatious and seductive behavior. Stacy's behavior does not fit the criteria for the other personality disorders listed.

Question 6

With respect to schizophrenia,diathesis is to stress as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that a predisposition or vulnerability (diathesis) interacts with environmental stressors to produce a disorder. This is similar to the nature vs. nurture debate, where nature refers to biological factors (diathesis) and nurture refers to environmental factors (stress). Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 7

Gloria is a "diva": She expects special treatment from others but completely disregards others' feelings.Gloria may have _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Gloria's behavior of expecting special treatment and disregarding others' feelings is characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable mood, behavior, and relationships. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy. Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others.

Question 8

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a(n):

Accepted Answer

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or love, a belief that they are special or unique and deserve special treatment, and a requirement for excessive admiration.

Question 9

A true "drama queen" may well have ______ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotional expression, attention-seeking behavior, and exaggerated behaviors and emotions. People with this disorder often exhibit dramatic and theatrical behavior, leading to the term "drama queen." Narcissistic personality disorder could also be a possible answer, as individuals with this disorder also crave attention and have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, but histrionic personality disorder is a more specific match for the given clues. Schizoid and avoidant personality disorders are less likely answers as they are characterized by social withdrawal and avoidance of social situations.

Question 10

An excess of the neurotransmitter _____ has long been associated with schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

An excess of dopamine neurotransmitter has long been associated with schizophrenia.

Question 11

Kristi has been detached from her friends and classmates.She displays such emotionless disengagement that she might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

The description given of Kristi fits the diagnostic criteria of schizoid personality disorder, which is characterized by emotional detachment and a lack of interest in social relationships. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for the rights of others and a lack of empathy, while dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need to rely on others. Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by distrust and suspiciousness.

Question 12

The brain abnormalities seen in schizophrenia are thought to be related to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.In other words,brain abnormalities may underlie some of the _____ symptoms of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

The term "positive symptoms" of schizophrenia refers to the presence of abnormal behaviors and experiences that are not typically seen in healthy individuals, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. These symptoms are thought to be related to the abnormalities in the brain that are seen in schizophrenia. The other answer choices (negative, primary, and secondary symptoms) are not directly related to the brain abnormalities that are thought to underlie the positive symptoms of the disorder.

Question 13

Drugs that block dopamine reduce the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations.These drugs therefore lessen the _____ symptoms of the disorder.

Accepted Answer

Psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia are referred to as positive symptoms, which include delusions and hallucinations. Drugs that block dopamine can improve these positive symptoms. The other options are not related to the specific symptoms affected by dopamine-blocking drugs.

Question 14

People with _____ disorders display rigid,unusual behavior patterns that impair functioning.

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders are characterized by rigid and maladaptive behavior patterns that impair functioning in social, occupational or other areas of life. Anxiety and depressive disorders are primarily characterized by emotional symptoms, while dissociative disorders involve disruptions in memory, consciousness or identity.

Question 15

The two personality disorders that have received the MOST research attention are _____ personality disorder and _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder and borderline personality disorder have received the most research attention due to their high prevalence rates and significant impact on individuals and society. Both disorders are also often comorbid with other mental health conditions, further emphasizing the need for research and effective treatment options.

Question 16

Which personality disorder is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by unethical, impulsive, and often aggressive behavior. This can include a disregard for the rights of others, a lack of remorse, and a tendency towards deceitful or manipulative behavior. Narcissistic personality disorder (A) is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and a lack of empathy towards others. Borderline personality disorder (B) is characterized by emotional instability, difficulty with interpersonal relationships, and a tendency towards impulsive behavior. Schizoid personality disorder (D) is characterized by detachment from social relationships and emotional expression.

Question 17

Lanie is very dramatic and impulsive.She displays shallow,attention-getting emotions and will do whatever she can to get people to praise her.Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of ______ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Lanie's behavior is indicative of histrionic personality disorder, which is characterized by excessive attention-seeking, dramatic behavior, and a need to be the center of attention. Histrionic personality disorder is often associated with shallow emotions and a tendency to be easily influenced by others. Antisocial personality disorder, on the other hand, is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others and a lack of remorse or guilt. Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others and fear of being alone. Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. None of these disorders are as closely associated with attention-seeking behavior as histrionic personality disorder.

Question 18

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection.As a result,she has always been withdrawn.Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning,and she may have _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by extreme sensitivity to criticism or rejection, feelings of insecurity and inadequacy, and social withdrawal. This description fits well with Jackie's behavior patterns and her fear of rejection. Histrionic personality disorder is usually characterized by excessive attention-seeking, while schizoid personality disorder is characterized by social withdrawal and emotional detachment, but without the fear of rejection that characterizes avoidant personality disorder. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for the rights of others, but this description does not fit with Jackie's behavior.

Question 19

A manipulative,callous individual with no apparent conscience might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, impulsivity, and a pattern of criminal or unethical behavior. Individuals with this disorder may manipulate and exploit others without remorse or guilt. This pattern of behavior typically begins in childhood or adolescence and continues into adulthood. Psychopathy is a related concept to antisocial personality disorder, but it is not an official diagnosis in the DSM-5.

Question 20

Kyle is extremely manipulative.He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly.His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him,but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions.His behavior BEST illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Kyle's behavior is consistent with the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder, which is characterized by deceitfulness, disregard for the safety and well-being of others, and a lack of empathy or remorse. Schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and bipolar disorder do not typically involve such manipulative or callous behavior.

Quiz 12: Psychological Disorders