Question 1

Research conducted on the effectiveness of pulling all-nighters found that students deprived of a night's sleep:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that pulling all-nighters negatively impacts cognitive performance, including critical thinking. In this scenario, students who were deprived of sleep were found to perform more poorly on a critical thinking task compared to students who were allowed to sleep.

Question 2

was conducted to examine the impact of various types of sleep deprivation on mood and performance.The results of this study revealed that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of was conducted to examine the impact of...

Question 3

The reticular formation contains neurons that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reticular formation contains neurons that:
...

Question 4

If a human is sleeping for an average of about 16 hours a day and approximately half of this sleep time is spent in sleep,then this human is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Infants typically sleep for around 16 hours a day, with approximately half of that time spent in REM sleep. Elderly individuals tend to have less sleep overall and less REM sleep, while a damaged reticular formation or melatonin deficiency may affect the quality or timing of sleep, but does not necessarily correlate with longer sleep duration.

Question 5

The restoration model of sleep asserts that:

Accepted Answer

The restoration model of sleep asserts that the main function of sleep is to allow our bodies and minds to recover from fatigue, restoring us for the next day. This model emphasizes the importance of deep, non-REM sleep for physical restoration, such as repairing tissue and releasing growth hormone, and of REM sleep for cognitive restoration, such as consolidating memories and regulating mood.

Question 6

When Kelly is interviewing potential nannies to care for her baby after it is born,she might take into consideration the likely amount of sleep the nanny applicants might require.Gladys,the grandmotherly 80-year-old,probably needs ____________ sleep than Courtney,the 19-year-old.

Accepted Answer

As people age, they tend to require less sleep. Therefore, it is likely that Gladys, the 80-year-old, would need less sleep than Courtney, the 19-year-old.

Question 7

Mary marries a much younger man; in fact,Mary is 75 years old,while her new husband,Aaron,is 25 years old.One of the biggest problems they have is getting used to each other's sleep routines.Aaron goes to bed about 11:00 pm each night and gets up just before 7:00 am each morning.This is hard for Mary who,because she is so much older:

Accepted Answer

Older adults often experience changes in their sleep patterns, leading to less sleep than younger adults, not more.

Question 8

,sleep deprivation had the strongest negative effect on which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of ,sleep deprivation had the strongest negative effect...

Question 9

According to the evolutionary/circadian models of sleep,the main purpose of sleep is to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the evolutionary/circadian models of sleep,the...

Question 10

Joyce is a well-organized student and plans her activities as well as her studying in advance.Joyce knows she has a history exam next Friday,so she plans to sleep 4 hours on Wednesday night,4 hours on Thursday night,and then sleep 16 hours Friday night to make up for the missed sleep.Researchers know that Joyce's plan:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that we do not make up all of the sleep time we have lost and it is unlikely that Joyce will be able to sleep for 16 hours straight. Additionally, even if people do not show signs of sleep deprivation for several days, their test performance and cognitive abilities can still be negatively impacted by lack of sleep.

Question 11

There is a cellular waste product that appears to be involved in signaling the brain areas responsible for sleep,telling them to "slow down" because too much cellular fuel has been burned.This cellular waste product is __________________.

Accepted Answer

Adenosine is the cellular waste product that builds up in the brain throughout the day as neurons use energy to communicate. As levels of adenosine increase, it leads to increased drowsiness and eventually promotes the onset of sleep. Adenosine is believed to signal the central nervous system to slow down metabolism due to the depletion of cellular energy reserves.

Question 12

The restoration and evolutionary theories of sleep both propose that:

Accepted Answer

Both the restoration and evolutionary theories of sleep suggest that sleep is necessary for enhancing functioning and survival in the waking hours. The restoration theory proposes that sleep allows for the restoration of bodily functions, while the evolutionary theory suggests that sleep serves important adaptive functions such as energy conservation and protection from predators.

Question 13

Assume you are participating in a sleep experiment in which each time you enter REM sleep,you are woken up and thus temporarily prevented from entering REM sleep.What will happen to your sleeping pattern immediately after the conclusion of the experiment?

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as REM rebound, where after being deprived of REM sleep, the body compensates by increasing the amount of REM sleep once the opportunity arises.

Question 14

The function of sleep is to restore our fatigued bodies and recover from physical and mental weariness according to the ______________ model.

Accepted Answer

The restoration model proposes that the function of sleep is to restore and repair the body and mind from the wear and tear of daily activities. This includes replenishing energy stores, repairing tissues, consolidating memories, and releasing growth hormones.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding sleep is true?

Accepted Answer

As we age, we spend less time in stages 3 and 4 sleep. This is because as we get older, our bodies produce less of the hormone delta sleep-inducing peptide, which is responsible for deep sleep. Infants spend more time in REM sleep than adults, and young adults typically need more sleep than elderly adults.

Question 16

The part of the brain that contains the "REM-sleep On" neurons that signal the other parts of the brain and control different aspects of REM sleep is called the __________________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation contains the "REM-sleep On" neurons that play a crucial role in signaling other parts of the brain to control various aspects of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This area is essential for regulating the sleep-wake cycle and is involved in the transitions between sleep stages, including the initiation of REM sleep, which is characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and increased brain activity.

Question 17

All of the following statements regarding sleep and the aging process are true EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Time spent in REM sleep actually decreases from infancy to early childhood before stabilizing at a relatively constant level from young adulthood on.

Question 18

Research comparing young adults to elderly adults has found that as people get older they:

Accepted Answer

Research has found that as people get older, they tend to sleep less at night. This may be due to changes in their circadian rhythm, medications, and overall changes in their health. While there may be individual variations, overall elderly adults tend to get less sleep than young adults.

Question 19

It is known that the basal forebrain is involved in the regulation of falling asleep,while the part of the brain that is responsible for signaling other brain areas involved in "turning on" REM sleep is called the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation in the brainstem is responsible for signaling other brain areas involved in "turning on" REM sleep. The basal forebrain is involved in the regulation of falling asleep, but it is not specifically involved in REM sleep. The hippocampus is important for memory, but not specifically for sleep regulation. The hypothalamus is involved in regulating many bodily functions, including sleep, but it is not specifically responsible for "turning on" REM sleep.

Question 20

You have studied a fair amount for an important test tomorrow but are considering pulling an all-nighter so that you can really be prepared.According to research on sleep deprivation,the best thing to do would be to ____________ since students who stay up all night studying have been found to ___________ on cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

Research on sleep deprivation consistently shows that getting enough sleep is crucial for cognitive performance. Staying up all night studying may seem like a good idea, but it can actually impair your ability to focus and retain information, leading to worse performance on the test. The best thing to do would be to go to bed and get a good night's sleep, allowing your brain to consolidate the information you have already studied and improving your chances of doing well on the test.

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness