Question 1

Which of the following gender differences in mate preference has been found?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following gender differences in...

Question 2

Affection,deep caring,and a commitment to being available for a partner,contribute significantly to satisfaction in long-term relationships.This is ____________ love.

Accepted Answer

Companionate love includes the aspects of affection, deep caring, and commitment to being available for a partner that contribute to satisfaction in long-term relationships. Erotic and passionate love are more focused on physical attraction and intensity, while romantic love may include some of these components but also often includes idealization and strong emotional connections in a way that may not be sustained over time.

Question 3

A psychologist is attempting to explain the source of various gender differences in mating behaviour.When explaining the fact that men tend to prefer younger women and women tend to prefer older men,he claims that this makes sense because older men have more earning potential,younger women are more economically dependent,and this age difference is consistent with most cultural expectations regarding relationships.This psychologist's views are most similar to those advanced by:

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is emphasizing the influence of social structures and cultural expectations on gender differences in mating behavior, which is consistent with social structure theory.

Question 4

Research that paired homosexual men together for a date found that the men's liking for their partner and the men's desire to date their partner again were most strongly influenced by:

Accepted Answer

The research found that the men's liking for their partner and desire to date their partner again were most strongly influenced by the partner's physical attractiveness.

Question 5

Studies on the impact of similarity on interpersonal attraction have found that similarity:

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that similarity accurately predicts attraction for people of differing ages and from different cultures. It is not limited to younger people or specific genders, and it holds true across cultures.

Question 6

Social penetration theory offered one explanation for the possible factors that:

Accepted Answer

Social penetration theory explains how individuals gradually reveal more about themselves to others over time, leading to deeper and more intimate relationships. Therefore, it offers an explanation for how close a relationship may become.

Question 7

All of the following are gender differences that have been found with regard to important characteristics for dating partners and spouses EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that women tend to place a higher value on emotional maturity and other non-physical characteristics, such as kindness and intelligence, than men do. Men, on the other hand, tend to prioritize physical attractiveness when selecting a dating partner or spouse.

Question 8

According to social penetration theory,a key role in fostering close relationships are ______________ .

Accepted Answer

Social penetration theory suggests that relationships become closer as individuals self-disclose personal information to one another. Therefore, self-disclosures play a key role in fostering close relationships. Rewards and similar opinions can also contribute to relationship closeness, but are not as central as self-disclosures. Costs are the opposite of rewards and can actually hinder relationship development.

Question 9

A couple has been together for several years and they are now deciding whether to end their relationship.Based on Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange theory,one of the primary factors that will affect their decision is:

Accepted Answer

According to Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange theory, the primary factor that will affect the couple's decision to end their relationship is the relative rewards and costs they experience while being in the relationship. This theory posits that people are rational beings who seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs in their relationships. Therefore, if the rewards of the relationship are outweighed by the costs, the couple may consider ending the relationship.

Question 10

One of the reasons that people are attracted to physically beautiful individuals is that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the reasons that people are...

Question 11

One of the factors that has a positive impact on attraction is the fact that people often assume that other positive personality characteristics such as intelligence,morality,and sociability are associated with ___________.

Accepted Answer

Physical beauty is often associated with positive personality characteristics such as intelligence, morality, and sociability, leading people to be more attracted to physically attractive individuals. This is known as the "halo effect," where we assume that someone who is physically attractive must also possess other positive qualities.

Question 12

In general,people appear to prefer having a dating partner or spouse who is of ______________________.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people tend to choose romantic partners who have a similar level of physical attractiveness to themselves. This is known as the matching hypothesis, which proposes that people seek partners who are similar to themselves in terms of traits such as attractiveness, intelligence, and social status. While intelligence and other factors may also influence attraction, similarity in physical attractiveness appears to be a consistent preference for many people.

Question 13

Kristin has been in a romantic relationship for several months.Initially,her feelings for her partner were very intense and ranged from ecstatic highs when seeing her partner to sometimes heart-breaking lows when her partner was away.These feelings have faded somewhat and more recently,she has also noticed more feelings of affection and caring for her partner.The difference between her initial and recent feelings best demonstrates the difference between:

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes how Kristin's initial feelings for her partner were very intense, indicating passionate love. However, over time, her feelings have shifted towards more affection and caring, indicating companionate love. Therefore, the difference between her initial and recent feelings best demonstrates the difference between passionate love and companionate love.

Question 14

Imagine that you have just arrived at university and are living in a dorm.You meet someone who is physically attractive and you'd like to get to know this person better.After a long dinner conversation,you learn that this person shares many of your attitudes and beliefs,but is only visiting and happens to live on the other side of the province.Based on the factors that have been shown to predict interpersonal attraction,your similarity to this person would be likely to increase your feelings of attraction,and the fact that they live far way would be likely to __________ your feelings of attraction.

Accepted Answer

While similarity does increase feelings of attraction, distance generally decreases attraction. In this scenario, the person living far away would likely decrease feelings of attraction.

Question 15

Social structure theory claims that gender differences in mating patterns are not due to evolution,but are instead the product of ______________.

Accepted Answer

Social structure theory argues that gender differences in mating patterns are shaped by cultural roles and social norms rather than biological factors or adaptive significance. This theory suggests that society imposes expectations and constraints on individuals' behavior, including their choice of mate, based on gender roles and social hierarchies. These cultural factors, such as gendered expectations for financial success or traditional gender roles in relationships, shape the mate preferences and behavior of individuals.

Question 16

Jeff and Mary have been dating for several weeks and are both considering making their relationship exclusive and not seeing other people.According to social penetration theory,their relationship will tend to grow closer and deeper if:

Accepted Answer

Social penetration theory suggests that relationships become closer and deeper as individuals share more intimate and personal information with each other through self-disclosure. Therefore, the best choice is D, as having enough self-disclosure will lead to a greater level of intimacy and depth in their relationship. A, B, and C may be factors that contribute to the relationship, but they are not directly related to the growth of the relationship.

Question 17

As Liz and Joel start spending an increasing amount of time together playing pool,taking dance lessons,and surfing,they are also sharing an increasing number of their personal thoughts and feelings with each other.Their relationship will continue to deepen according to _________________.

Accepted Answer

This scenario fits the concept of social penetration theory, which asserts that intimacy in relationships develops through gradual and reciprocal self-disclosure of personal information. Liz and Joel are sharing more of their personal thoughts and feelings with each other, indicating a deeper level of intimacy in their relationship. The other options do not fit the scenario as well: the matching effect refers to people being attracted to those who are similar to themselves, birds of a feather theory refers to people forming friendships with those who share similar attitudes and values, and social facilitation theory refers to the performance-enhancing effect of the presence of others.

Question 18

There is the notion that people may want to be positively judged by the company they keep and this is a possible reason why ___________ has a positive impact on attraction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is the notion that people may...

Question 19

Madeline and Matthew are both committed to making their relationship work.Whether or not they are successful may be determined by whether or not the rewards of the relationship outweigh the costs according to __________________ .

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory suggests that people are motivated to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs in social relationships. Madeline and Matthew's commitment to the relationship and their success in making it work will likely depend on whether the rewards (such as love, companionship, and shared experiences) outweigh the costs (such as disagreements, sacrifices, and compromises). Social penetration theory focuses on how relationships develop through self-disclosure, while lowballing theory pertains to the persuasive strategy of getting someone to commit to a decision before revealing the hidden costs. Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon of improved performance when individuals are in the presence of others.

Question 20

Jean is happy in a romantic relationship but feels that there could likely be another relationship that would make her even more content.If we only examine the comparison level of Jean's current relationship,we would predict that she would _________ the relationship.

Accepted Answer

If Jean feels that there could be another relationship that would make her even more content, this suggests that her comparison level for alternatives is high. Therefore, she is likely to leave her current relationship in search of a relationship that better meets her needs and expectations.

Quiz 16: Psychological Disorders