Question 1

Explain the relationship between the various perspectives on personality and the kinds of measures favoured by each.

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Question 2

Describe the approach to personality of humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers.In your answer,be sure to mention and define the following terms: self-actualization,the self,self-consistency,congruence,unconditional positive regard,and conditions of worth.

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Question 3

What is self-efficacy? Using the context of improving the self-efficacy of a student,give an example of each of the four factors that can have an impact on self-efficacy judgements.

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Question 4

What does research show about the stability of personality,and what key factors make it difficult to predict behaviours based on traits?

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Question 5

The MMPI was discussed as an example of a test created using the __________ approach to test construction.

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Question 6

Outline Freud's conceptualization regarding the structure of personality.Be sure to identify the various components of personality and describe how each component is thought to function.

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Question 7

What are defence mechanisms and what emotion triggers their activation? Define and give examples of the following defences: displacement,intellectualization,and reaction formation.

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Question 8

Personality researchers associated with the _________________ perspective tend to make use self-report measures related to the self-concept and personal aspirations.

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Question 9

Compare the similarities of and differences between Carl Rogers's and Sigmund Freud's approaches in each of the following areas: 1) the structure of personality, 2) major personality processes, and 3) the causes of maladjustment.

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Question 10

What is locus of control? What does the research show regarding individuals who differ on locus of control?

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Question 11

Discuss six different methods that personality researchers use to measure various aspects of personality.For each method,give an example.

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Question 12

What is reciprocal determinism? Describe how this principle could be used to try and explain how someone's negative attitude (e.g.,I'll never do well on this test)might be related to their behaviour and their environment.

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Question 13

What two personality trait dimensions does Hans Eysenck use to account for personality? What are the biological factors that are thought to be responsible for these differences?

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Question 14

Assume that you have a friend who is interested in setting some personal goals.Given what you have learned about effective goal setting,give four recommendations to your friend and briefly support each of your recommendations.

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Question 15

List and describe the personality traits of the "Big Five" model of personality.For each one,list characteristics that are associated with high and low levels of the trait.

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Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan