Question 1

According to your textbook, analysis of several studies investigating the effectiveness of the self-help book Feeling Good suggests that self-help books probably have:

Accepted Answer

The analysis of several studies investigating the effectiveness of the self-help book Feeling Good suggests that self-help books have a positive effect, but the effect seems small.

Question 2

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session. To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety, the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks. With which orientation is this approach most consistent?

Accepted Answer

The approach that focuses on childhood experiences and the use of dream analysis is most consistent with the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic orientation. This approach emphasizes unconscious psychological processes and childhood experiences as influencing current behavior and feelings.

Question 3

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's _________ content.

Accepted Answer

A psychoanalyst would attempt to uncover the latent content of a dream, which refers to the hidden or symbolic meaning behind the manifest content (the actual events or images of the dream). The latent content is believed to represent unconscious thoughts, desires, or conflicts.

Question 4

Therapeutic alliance refers to:

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship and bond that develops between a therapist and their patient during therapy. It is characterized by a sense of trust, understanding, and collaborative effort towards achieving the patient's therapeutic goals. It has been found to be a significant predictor of positive therapy outcomes, and is an important aspect of the therapeutic process.

Question 5

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic therapy focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts and impulses that contribute to psychological difficulties. This approach was developed by Sigmund Freud and relies on techniques like free association, dream analysis, and transference to help clients explore their unconscious mind. Clinical psychologists who use this approach will work to uncover a client's early childhood experiences and relationship patterns to gain insight into their current psychological struggles.

Question 6

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people:

Accepted Answer

The major goal of insight therapies is to give individuals a clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions. This is achieved through various techniques such as talk therapy and psychoanalysis, which aim to increase self-awareness and insight into the underlying psychological factors contributing to their issues. Feedback from biological responses (A) and training in observational learning (C) are not the primary goals of insight therapies. While some insight therapies may touch on perceptual processes (B), it is not the main focus.

Question 7

Julio tells his therapist that he dreamt of a large blue monster that was about to eat him. His therapist interpreted this dream as representing Julio's abusive father. According to dream analysis, the manifest content is _____________.

Accepted Answer

The manifest content refers to the literal content of the dream, which in this case is the image of the large blue monster that Julio dreamt of.

Question 8

Starting in the 1970s, a program called Scared Straight exposed at-risk youth to the harsh reality of prison life. According to your textbook, which of the following is true about this program?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, the Scared Straight program did not reduce the risk of incarceration and may have been harmful. The program exposed youth to the harsh reality of prison life with the goal of deterring them from a life of crime, but research has shown that it did not have a significant impact on reducing criminal behavior among participants. Furthermore, some participants actually came to believe that prison life was preferable to life at home, which could potentially have a negative impact on their future behavior.

Question 9

Lindsay has been experiencing a great deal of stress during her first year of college. She checks out a book from the library which promises to help people find strategies for reducing stress. Lindsay plans to engage in ____________.

Accepted Answer

Bibliotherapy involves using books or other written materials to help individuals cope with their problems or improve their mental health. In this scenario, Lindsay is using a book to learn strategies for reducing stress. Aversive conditioning, person-centered therapy, and psychoanalysis are not applicable to this scenario.

Question 10

Free association is a technique used in ___________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Free association is a technique used in psychodynamic therapy, which places emphasis on exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings. In free association, the client verbally expresses their thoughts and associations without censoring or judging them, allowing the therapist to gain insight into the client's unconscious mind. This technique can help uncover repressed memories and unresolved issues from the past that may be affecting the client's current emotional state.

Question 11

Empirically supported treatments refer to:

Accepted Answer

Empirically supported treatments are treatments that have been shown to be effective for specific disorders and this effectiveness has been established through the use of sound research designs. It is important to note that these treatments may not work for everyone, but they have a strong evidence base supporting their effectiveness for a specific disorder. Option A is incorrect because anecdotal evidence does not meet the standard of rigorous scientific testing required for empirically supported treatments. Option B is incorrect because there is no single treatment that is effective for all psychological disorders. Option D is incorrect because no treatment has been shown to be effective for 100% of people receiving therapy.

Question 12

A _____________ is a statistical method that helps researchers to combine the findings from several research studies.

Accepted Answer

A meta-analysis is specifically designed to help researchers synthesize results from multiple studies to gain a better understanding of a particular research question. Options B, C, and D are all statistical methods, but they do not involve synthesizing results from multiple studies.

Question 13

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes. After a few minutes of relaxing, the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences. Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Bart is experiencing free association, a technique used in psychoanalysis where the patient is encouraged to speak freely and without censorship in order to uncover unconscious thoughts and emotions. Active confrontation involves directly challenging a person's behavior or beliefs, transference involves projecting feelings onto another person, and systematic desensitization is a technique used to treat phobias by gradually exposing a person to their fear in a safe and controlled environment.

Question 14

What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Insight therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties. This therapy focuses on helping individuals gain greater understanding and insight into their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in order to facilitate positive change.

Question 15

Critiques of the empirically supported treatment approach are most likely to state that:

Accepted Answer

Critics of the empirically supported treatment approach argue that the effectiveness of different psychotherapies cannot be tested in the same way drugs are because psychotherapies are complex and individualized. They argue that the approach is too focused on symptom reduction rather than the unique needs and preferences of each individual.

Question 16

Freud believed that patients could not identify their psychological conflicts without the help of a therapist. This was primarily because Freud believed that:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, psychological conflicts are located in the unconscious mind, which is why patients need the help of a therapist to become aware of them. Freud believed that the therapist's job was to bring these unconscious conflicts to the patient's conscious awareness, facilitating their resolution.

Question 17

Treatments that have been tested using sound research designs, and have been found to be both safe and effective are called ______________.

Accepted Answer

Treatments that have been tested using sound research designs and have been found to be both safe and effective are called empirically supported treatments. Bibliotherapies refer to self-help treatments that involve reading and completing exercises in a book. Psychotherapies refer to any type of therapy that focuses on helping individuals with emotional and mental health issues. Insight therapies are a type of psychotherapy that focus on gaining insight and self-awareness as a means of psychological healing.

Question 18

According to Sigmund Freud, when you awaken in the morning and remember a dream, you recall the dream's __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of dream interpretation, the manifest content is the literal content of the dream, whereas the latent content represents the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream. Therefore, when you recall a dream upon awakening, you are recalling the dream's manifest content.

Question 19

Sigmund Freud would agree that _______________ may be useful in treating a psychological disorder.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, emphasized the importance of unconscious processes and believed that dreams were a window into the unconscious mind. Dream analysis is a technique used in psychoanalysis to interpret the underlying meaning of dreams, which Freud considered could help in treating psychological disorders by uncovering and addressing unconscious conflicts and desires.

Question 20

Laura has had many different jobs, but she always does something to get herself fired. After about fifteen therapy sessions, during which she explores her earliest memories, she has an insight. She comes to believe sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father, who had always put his job before his family. What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in?

Accepted Answer

Laura's exploration of her earliest memories and insight into the root cause of her behavior suggest that she is engaged in psychoanalysis, which focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts and emotions. Behavior therapy is focused on changing problematic behaviors through conditioning and reinforcement, cognitive therapy is focused on changing problematic thoughts and beliefs, and humanist therapy emphasizes self-discovery and personal growth rather than exploring unconscious conflicts.

Quiz 14: Therapies