Question 1

How and where people with serious mental illnesses are treated has changed a great deal since the 1800s. Describe how these changes occurred. Then describe the current approach to treating people with severe mental illness, including those who require serious long-term care.

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Describe four key differences between humanistic therapies and psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

The social movement against keeping the mentally ill in asylums is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization refers to the movement that began in the 1960s to release patients from mental institutions and provide them with community-based treatment and support. This movement was driven by concerns about the inhumane conditions and mistreatment of individuals in asylums, as well as a growing understanding of the importance of community-based care for mental health treatment. The focus of the deinstitutionalization movement was on creating a more humane and effective system of care for individuals with mental illness.

Question 4

A major strength of cognitive-behavioral therapy is that:

Accepted Answer

One of the major strengths of cognitive-behavioral therapy is that it focuses on identifying and directly addressing concrete and definable problems. This approach creates a clear roadmap for both therapist and client, and helps to prevent resistance by keeping the therapy focused and goal-oriented. The therapy also does not rely heavily on the quality of the client-therapist relationship, which means that it can be effective even if the client does not feel a strong connection to the therapist. However, it does not aim to develop transference between client and therapist, as this is not a goal of the therapy.

Question 5

If someone wanted to advocate for reducing negative stereotypes against people who seek treatment for mental illness, what would be an effective strategy?

Accepted Answer

Educating the public about the nature of mental illness can help reduce negative stereotypes and increase understanding and empathy towards those seeking treatment. By providing accurate information on mental illness, people can better understand that seeking treatment is a perfectly normal and necessary step in managing it. This can help reduce the stigma around mental illness and make it easier for those seeking treatment to feel comfortable and accepted. The other options may help individuals seeking treatment for mental illness, but they do not necessarily address the issue of reducing negative stereotypes.

Question 6

A new age guru openly criticizes medical procedures for treating psychological problems, citing the frontal lobotomy as his only evidence. Which statement best contradicts his critique?

Accepted Answer

This statement directly contradicts the guru's critique by pointing out that the frontal lobotomy is no longer used and has been replaced with scientifically supported treatments. Therefore, it shows that medical procedures for treating psychological problems have advanced and are no longer reliant on controversial methods like the frontal lobotomy.

Question 7

What are the three elements described in you text which are commonly used as part of the cognitive-behavioral process? Provide a description of how each one works.

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Question 8

The category of drugs used to treat symptoms of bipolar disorder are called:

Accepted Answer

Mood stabilizers are drugs used to treat bipolar disorder. They help to balance the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain to prevent swings in mood. Antipsychotics and antidepressants may also be used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but they are not specifically categorized as drugs for this condition. Ketamine, while being studied for its potential therapeutic uses, is not currently approved for treating bipolar disorder.

Question 9

What has research concluded in regard to the effectiveness of insight therapies?

Accepted Answer

Research has concluded that the effectiveness of insight therapies depends on the conditions being treated. Insight therapies have been found to be more effective for some conditions, such as anxiety and depression, than for others, such as schizophrenia. Additionally, the effectiveness of insight therapy can depend on factors such as the therapist-client relationship and the client's motivation and willingness to engage in the therapeutic process.

Question 10

__________ affect the nervous system by blocking reuptake of serotonin in neurons.

Accepted Answer

SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, block the reuptake of serotonin in neurons, leading to increased levels of serotonin in the brain. This can have a positive effect on mood, making SSRIs a common medication for treating depression and anxiety disorders. Lesions, antianxiety medications, and mood stabilizers do not typically affect serotonin reuptake in the same way that SSRIs do.

Question 11

If a doctor wanted to activate a very specific brain region in the hope of alleviating symptoms of a mental disorder, she would most likely use which of the following procedures?

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation involves the use of implanted electrodes that deliver electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain. This can be targeted to a very specific brain region in order to alleviate symptoms of mental disorders. Focal lesion involves the intentional destruction of brain tissue, and lithium and electroconvulsive therapy are not typically used to target specific brain regions.

Question 12

There are several barriers that prevent people from receiving treatment for mental health problems. One such barrier is:

Accepted Answer

Stigma against people with mental illness is a significant barrier to receiving treatment. This stigma can come from societal beliefs, cultural values, and personal attitudes, and it may prevent individuals from seeking help for fear of being labeled as weak or crazy.

Question 13

Describe the four main classes of drugs used in the treatment of mental and emotional disorders. For which disorders would each class be prescribed?

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Question 14

_____ consists of key procedures including exposure, cognitive restructuring, and stress inoculation training.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) includes key procedures such as exposure, cognitive restructuring, and stress inoculation training, which are used to treat a variety of psychological disorders by addressing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.

Question 15

Neil is facing difficulties with anger and depression, and his parents are having trouble managing his behaviors and responding appropriately. To address all of these concerns, the most beneficial treatment in this situation would be _____.

Accepted Answer

Family therapy would be the most beneficial treatment in this situation as it addresses both Neil's difficulties with anger and depression as well as the parents' struggles with managing his behaviors and responding appropriately. Through family therapy, Neil and his parents can work together to improve communication, enhance problem-solving skills, and learn effective coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may be a helpful addition to family therapy for Neil's individual treatment, but family therapy is the best choice to address the concerns of the whole family. Virtual reality exposure therapy and exposure therapy are not appropriate for addressing Neil's difficulties with anger and depression.

Question 16

What does it mean to say that a therapy has "empirical support"?

Accepted Answer

"Empirical support" means that research studies confirm that a therapy is effective compared to no treatment and possibly compared to other alternatives. It does not necessarily mean that it is preferred by insurance companies or therapists, and it does not necessarily demonstrate superiority over drugs.

Question 17

_____ refers to a phenomenon of psychoanalysis in which the client begins directing emotional responses toward the therapist.

Accepted Answer

Transference refers to the phenomenon where the client begins to project their feelings, desires, and attitudes onto the therapist that are based on their past experiences and relationships with significant others. It is a concept that is central to psychoanalytic theory and can be seen as an opportunity for the therapist to help the client work through unresolved issues.

Question 18

Procedures such as electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or administering ketamine would most likely occur in which of the following scenarios?

Accepted Answer

Procedures such as electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or administering ketamine are typically reserved for extreme, treatment-resistant cases of depression. These treatments are not typically used for mild anxiety or mild to moderate depression, and are generally not effective in treating hallucinations associated with schizophrenia.

Question 19

Which of the following conclusions best summarizes the effectiveness of a mobile app developed to reduce anxiety?

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that using the mobile app reduces attention directed toward negative stimuli suggests that the app can be effective in reducing anxiety. Option A can be ruled out as it suggests no benefit, which is not necessarily true. Option B may be too extreme as long-term relief from anxiety cannot be guaranteed for everyone. Option C is not supported by the given information.

Question 20

Many behavioral therapists view phobias and other anxiety disorders as the result of learning. Using the language of classical conditioning, describe a specific example of how this might occur.

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Quiz 14: Therapies