Question 1

Vanya's legs bother him while he tries to sleep, and he feels the need to constantly move them into different positions. Sometimes it even causes him to wake up in the middle of the night. Vanya would be most likely to be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Vanya's symptoms suggest restless legs syndrome, which is characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs while at rest or trying to sleep. This condition often disturbs sleep and causes insomnia. Terminal insomnia is the inability to stay asleep through the night, while REM behavior disorder involves physical movement during the dream stage of sleep. Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, involves getting up and walking around while still asleep.

Question 2

A sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages is

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep, leading to poor-quality sleep and other health issues. Treatment often involves the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine to force air into the nasal passages and prevent interruptions in breathing.

Question 3

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person periodically stops breathing during sleep.

Question 4

Which of the following is true about sleepwalking?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is more prevalent in childhood. While it is not necessarily dangerous to wake a sleepwalker, it is recommended to guide them back to bed rather than abruptly waking them. Sleepwalking is not necessarily a sign of an underlying emotional disturbance, and sleepwalkers are not necessarily acting out a dream.

Question 5

If your physician says you need a treatment called a CPAP device, you are suffering from

Accepted Answer

A CPAP device is typically used to treat sleep apnea, a condition in which a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep.

Question 6

People with insomnia have difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, returning to sleep after waking up in the middle of the night, or waking up too early in the morning and being unable to return to sleep. Therefore, people with insomnia have difficulty with all three options listed in choice D.

Question 7

When Larry was a teenager, he began experiencing periods when he had a lot of trouble staying awake during the day, even though he was getting enough sleep each night. He also would experience sudden sleep "attacks" where he would collapse to the floor in the middle of an activity. Larry suffers from:

Accepted Answer

Larry's symptoms of excessive sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks are characteristic of narcolepsy. Sleep apnea involves breathing interruptions during sleep, insomnia involves difficulty falling or staying asleep, and REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams during sleep.

Question 8

Naomi's breathing stops briefly during sleep, causing her to gasp. What problem does Naomi most likely have?

Accepted Answer

The brief cessation of breathing during sleep, followed by gasping or choking, is a characteristic symptom of sleep apnea. This can be caused by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep, leading to interruptions in breathing and a drop in oxygen levels. Insomnia involves difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, while narcolepsy is a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness and REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams during sleep.

Question 9

_______________ is a sleep disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, unpredictable lapses into sleep.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, unpredictable lapses into sleep, known as sleep attacks. Sleep apnea involves breathing disruptions during sleep, insomnia is difficulty falling or staying asleep, and REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams during the REM phase of sleep.

Question 10

REM behavior disorder results from

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder occurs when the body is not properly restricted from movement during REM sleep, leading to physical movement and even potentially harmful behaviors during the dream state. It is not directly related to the amount of sleep or the condition of the hypothalamus.

Question 11

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or remaining asleep throughout the night is

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. It can be caused by a variety of factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, or other medical conditions, and can lead to daytime fatigue and difficulty functioning. Zombulism and cataplexy are not recognized sleep disorders, and narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep, not difficulty in falling or staying asleep throughout the night.

Question 12

Another name for sleepwalking is

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is also known as somnambulism. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep. REM behavior disorder is a condition in which a person physically acts out their dreams during the REM stage of sleep. Sleep misperception is a condition in which a person believes they are not sleeping well or not getting enough sleep, despite evidence to the contrary.

Question 13

If you have been waking up too early for several weeks, you are probably suffering from

Accepted Answer

Late insomnia, also known as sleep maintenance insomnia, involves difficulty staying asleep or waking up too early and not being able to fall back asleep. This contrasts with initial insomnia, which is difficulty falling asleep.

Question 14

___________________ is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to gasp for air.

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to gasp for air. Insomnia is a disorder where individuals have difficulty falling and staying asleep. Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden bouts of sleep. Non-REM sleep is a sleep stage that occurs during the first few hours of sleep, characterized by slow brain waves and minimal movement.

Question 15

When he was a young child, Jerry would sometimes wake in the middle of the night screaming. He wouldn't remember having a bad dream, but remembers experiencing raw panic. Jerry most likely had

Accepted Answer

Jerry's description of waking up screaming without remembering a bad dream suggests he may have experienced night terrors. This is a common symptom of night terrors, which typically occur during deep non-REM sleep and are characterized by intense fear and panic. Sleep apnea involves interruption of breathing during sleep, while REM behavior disorder involves physical movements during dreaming. Nightmares involve vivid and frightening dreams, which Jerry did not mention experiencing.

Question 16

Which sleep disorder involves people literally acting out their dreams?

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder involves people acting out their dreams during the REM stage of sleep. Sleepwalking, on the other hand, involves walking or other complex behaviors during non-REM sleep. REM rebound and sleep misperception are not related to acting out dreams.

Question 17

Ernie's muscle movements are not inhibited when he is dreaming. As a result, he literally acts out his dreams, sometimes injuring himself in the process. Ernie appears to suffer from

Accepted Answer

Ernie's behavior is indicative of REM behavior disorder, a condition in which muscle atonia (relaxation) does not occur during REM sleep, allowing the individual to physically act out their dreams.

Question 18

Narcolepsy involves

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy involves sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleep, also known as excessive daytime sleepiness. It is not characterized by a need for a specific amount of sleep at night.

Question 19

______________ occur during REM sleep, while __________________ occur during NREM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Nightmares occur during REM sleep, while night terrors occur during NREM sleep.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about nightmares and night terrors?

Accepted Answer

Nightmares are a type of dream that often involve unpleasant and frightening content. Night terrors, on the other hand, do not appear to involve dream content at all. Instead, they are episodes of intense fear and panic that typically occur in the first few hours after falling asleep.

Quiz 5: Consciousness