Question 1

When we size up strangers within just a few moments of meeting them, we rely on which way of knowing?

Accepted Answer

When we size up strangers quickly, we rely on our intuition, which involves a gut feeling or immediate understanding without conscious reasoning. Authority, introspection, and science are not typically used to quickly size up strangers in the first few moments of meeting them.

Question 2

The problem with common sense as a way of knowing is

Accepted Answer

Common sense is often based on cultural norms and values, which can vary widely across different societies and historical periods. This can lead to misunderstandings and disagreements between people from different backgrounds. Additionally, common sense is often not based on rigorous empirical research or logical reasoning, which can make it less reliable than other forms of knowledge.

Question 3

When we state that science is empirical, we mean

Accepted Answer

Empirical refers to information that can be directly observed or experienced using the senses, which is a defining characteristic of scientific knowledge. Options A, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of the term empirical.

Question 4

The last stage of the scientific method fifth step) is

Accepted Answer

Communicating the findings is the last step of the scientific method, where the results are shared with others through scientific publications, presentations, or other means of communication. This helps to verify the findings and allow others to build on the research.

Question 5

The statement, "My textbook states that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

Accepting a statement as true because it comes from a textbook, an authoritative source, exemplifies the way of knowing through authority.

Question 6

Which of the following are nonempirical ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

Authority and logic are nonempirical ways of knowing because they do not rely on observation or experience.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements is the most objective?

Accepted Answer

Statement B is the most objective because it simply states a fact without any subjective opinion or interpretation. Statements A, C, and D contain elements of personal opinion or interpretation which make them less objective.

Question 8

Consider the following statement: "If negative emotions cause aggression, and if frustration induces a negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression." This statement illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

The statement is based on logical reasoning, making it an example of the use of logic as a way of knowing. The conclusion is drawn by deducing from the premises using logical rules.

Question 9

The theory of obesity that makes the prediction that there should be situations in which overweight people eat less than average-weight people is

Accepted Answer

This theory, known as the "set point theory," may seem counterintuitive as it goes against the idea that overweight people simply eat more than average-weight people. Instead, it suggests that there may be biological and genetic factors at play that regulate a person's weight and appetite.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a way of knowing? Authorities

Accepted Answer

The major limitation of authority as a way of knowing is that different authorities often disagree among themselves. This creates confusion and ambiguity in the knowledge acquired through authority.

Question 11

Which of the following are empirical ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

Empirical ways of knowing rely on observable evidence and data, which is gathered through the scientific method. Intuition (personal hunches and gut feelings) is not based on observable evidence and therefore not empirical. Authority (relying on experts or tradition) may or may not be based on empirical evidence; therefore, it is not an exclusively empirical way of knowing. Logic is a tool for evaluating evidence and arguments, but it does not provide empirical evidence in and of itself.

Question 12

Because Psychology has some sub-disciplines that share many of the same ideas as biology and mathematics, it is said to be a

Accepted Answer

Psychology is considered a hub discipline because it integrates and shares concepts with various fields, including biology and mathematics, serving as a central point of connection between different scientific areas.

Question 13

Accepting the information in an instructor's lecture without examining the book or asking about the source of the ideas is an example of which way of knowing about behavior?

Accepted Answer

Accepting information from an instructor without examining the source is an example of relying on authority or someone with perceived expertise.

Question 14

The statement, "It seems to me that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

The statement appears to be based on personal feelings and a "gut instinct" rather than empirical evidence or research, suggesting it is an example of intuition as a way of knowing.

Question 15

Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a way of knowing? Authorities

Accepted Answer

Authorities can be wrong and make mistakes, and relying solely on their opinions without question can lead to misinformation and limited perspectives. It is important to critically evaluate and corroborate information from multiple sources before accepting it as true.

Question 16

The first stage of the scientific method is

Accepted Answer

The first stage of the scientific method involves defining the problem or question that needs to be answered or solved. This step sets the direction for the research and subsequent steps in the scientific method.

Question 17

A major problem with common sense as a way of knowing is

Accepted Answer

Common sense is often based on personal experiences and cultural norms, which may not be reliable or applicable in predicting new or universal knowledge.

Question 18

The statement "If it rains, then there will be no baseball game" is

Accepted Answer

The statement is an example of a conditional statement, which is logically valid as it establishes a clear if-then relationship. The truth of the statement depends on the occurrence of the first clause (if it rains), making the outcome (no baseball game) contingent upon that condition.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is the most subjective?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Professor Dolittle's assistant thinks the experiment was a success" is the most subjective because it involves the personal opinion of an individual, rather than a fact or observation. The other statements are either a direct announcement from a reliable source (A), a factual report of participant behavior (B), or a factual statement about the participants' attendance (D).

Question 20

A discipline that crosses the boundaries of science is called a

Accepted Answer

A hub discipline refers to a discipline that incorporates and connects concepts and methods from multiple scientific fields, creating a hub for interdisciplinary research. It bridges the gap between traditional scientific disciplines and encourages collaboration between experts from different fields. This can lead to new discoveries and solutions to complex problems that cannot be solved by one discipline alone.

Quiz 1: Psychology and Science

When we size up strangers within just a few moments of meeting them, we rely on which way of knowing?

The problem with common sense as a way of knowing is

When we state that science is empirical, we mean

The last stage of the scientific method fifth step) is

The statement, "My textbook states that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Which of the following are nonempirical ways of knowing?

Which one of the following statements is the most objective?

Consider the following statement: "If negative emotions cause aggression, and if frustration induces a negative emotion, then frustration must cause aggression." This statement illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

The theory of obesity that makes the prediction that there should be situations in which overweight people eat less than average-weight people is

Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a way of knowing? Authorities

Which of the following are empirical ways of knowing?

Because Psychology has some sub-disciplines that share many of the same ideas as biology and mathematics, it is said to be a

Accepting the information in an instructor's lecture without examining the book or asking about the source of the ideas is an example of which way of knowing about behavior?

The statement, "It seems to me that frustration causes aggression," illustrates which one of the following ways of knowing?

Which one of the following statements best describes the major limitation of authority as a way of knowing? Authorities

The first stage of the scientific method is

A major problem with common sense as a way of knowing is

The statement "If it rains, then there will be no baseball game" is

Which one of the following statements is the most subjective?

A discipline that crosses the boundaries of science is called a