Question 1

The coding guide lists
A) the columns in which variables can be found
B) the names of all variables
C) acceptable values of all variables
D) All of these are true.

Accepted Answer

The coding guide includes all of the listed information, including the columns where variables can be found, the names of all variables, and acceptable values of all variables.

Question 2

The initial data sheet should contain all of the following except
A) The date
B) The condition in a coded form
C) The participant's name
D) The researcher's name

Accepted Answer

Participant's names should be coded to protect their privacy. The rest of the options are important information to include on the initial data sheet.

Question 3

Before inferential statistics are performed, you should
A) Calculate descriptive statistics
B) Represent the data in a table
C) Represent the data in a graph
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Before performing inferential statistics, it is important to have a good understanding of the data through descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency, dispersion, and skewness. Additionally, representing the data in a table or graph can provide visual insights into the distribution and patterns present in the data. Therefore, all of the choices (calculating descriptive statistics and representing the data in a table and graph) are necessary before performing inferential statistics.

Question 4

Which of the following is a display of numerical data in rows and columns of a matrix?
A) graph
B) figure
C) histogram
D) table

Accepted Answer

A table is a display of numerical data in rows and columns of a matrix. Graphs, figures, and histograms are other types of data displays but they don't use rows and columns like a table.

Question 5

The most common score in a frequency distribution is called
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Standard deviation

Accepted Answer

The most common score in a frequency distribution is called the mode. Therefore, the best choice is B. Mean refers to the average of a set of numbers, median is the middle number in a set of numbers arranged in order, and standard deviation measures the spread or variability of a set of numbers. However, none of these measures specifically identify the most common score in a frequency distribution, which is the mode.

Question 6

The range
A) Is an inferential statistic
B) Is highly stable
C) Depends completely on the two extreme scores
D) Measures central tendency

Accepted Answer

The range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. Therefore, it depends completely on the two extreme scores and is not a measure of central tendency. It is also not an inferential statistic, as it simply describes the spread of a distribution. However, the stability of the range can vary depending on the sample size and the variability of the scores.

Question 7

The main advantage of the mean is
A) That it uses all of the information in the distribution
B) It is not influenced at all by the other scores in the distribution
C) It is only influenced by how many scores fall above it or below it
D) That it is sensitive to the values of extreme scores

Accepted Answer

The main advantage of the mean is that it uses all of the information in the distribution, which makes it a representative measure of central tendency.

Question 8

Which measure of variability is probably best when the data is skewed?
A) Variance
B) Range
C) Standard deviation
D) Interquartile range

Accepted Answer

The interquartile range (IQR) is less affected by extreme values or outliers, making it a better choice for skewed data. The range is too heavily influenced by extreme scores, while variance and standard deviation assume that the data is normally distributed, which may not be the case with skewed data.

Question 9

The 50^th percentile is A) The score below which 50% of the cases fall B) The score above which 50% of the cases fall C) The 75^th percentile minus the 25^th percentile D) The first quartile

Accepted Answer

The 50th percentile is the median, which is the score below which 50% of the cases fall.

Question 10

Which of the following steps should you carry out first in data handling?
A) Perform inferential statistics
B) Describe the data numerically, with descriptive statistics
C) Describe the data graphically
D) Check for invalid data

Accepted Answer

Before any analysis can be performed, it is important to check for invalid or missing data. This helps ensure that the analysis is based on accurate and reliable data. Only after the data has been checked and cleaned should descriptive or inferential statistics be calculated or graphical representations be created.

Question 11

Which one of the following terms least belongs with the others?
A) X-axis
B) Y-axis
C) independent variable values
D) horizontal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following terms least...

Question 12

The middlemost score in a distribution is called
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Standard deviation

Accepted Answer

The middlemost score in a distribution is called the median. The mean is the average of all the scores, the mode is the most common score, and the standard deviation measures the spread of the scores.

Question 13

The semi-interquartile range is A) The score below which 50% of the cases fall B) Half of the cases in a distribution C) The 75^th percentile minus the 25^th percentile D) Half of the interquartile range

Accepted Answer

The semi-interquartile range is defined as half of the interquartile range, which is the difference between the 75th percentile (Q3) and the 25th percentile (Q1) of a data set.

Question 14

The variance is
A) Based on the median
B) Based on the mode
C) Based on the mean
D) The square root of the standard deviation

Accepted Answer

The variance is based on the mean. It measures how spread out a set of data is from the mean. It is calculated by taking the difference between each data point and the mean, squaring those differences, adding them up, and dividing by the number of data points minus one. The square root of the variance gives us the standard deviation.

Question 15

You should decide how to handle the data from an experiment
A) Before you see your first subject
B) After the data has been collected
C) When you have all of the data sheets
D) When you have finished data reduction

Accepted Answer

It is important to have a plan ahead of time for how you will handle the data from an experiment before you start collecting any data. This allows you to ensure that you are collecting the right types of data and in the right format, and also ensures that you will have a clear understanding of how you will analyze and interpret the data once it has been collected. Waiting until after data collection or data reduction may result in missing crucial information or significant sources of bias.

Question 16

Data reduction is
A) recording data onto individual data sheets
B) transcribing data from individual data sheets to a summary form
C) performing statistical analysis
D) All of these are true.

Accepted Answer

Data reduction is the process of summarizing and organizing data into a more manageable and meaningful form. This involves transcribing data from individual data sheets to a summary form, which can then be analyzed more easily. Recording data onto individual data sheets and performing statistical analysis are both steps that may come after data reduction.

Question 17

A disadvantage of the variance is
A) That it is related to a number of other statistical procedures
B) That it is not scaled in the same units as the original scores
C) That it is unaffected by the interquartile range
D) That it is unrelated to ANOVA

Accepted Answer

The variance is not scaled in the same units as the original scores, which can make it difficult to interpret and compare to other values. The other options are either incorrect (A, D) or not necessarily a disadvantage (C).

Question 18

The most common descriptive statistics concern
A) Measures of central tendency
B) Measures of validity
C) Measures of variability
D) Both a and c

Accepted Answer

Measures of central tendency and measures of variability are the two most common types of descriptive statistics. Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode, while measures of variability include range, variance, and standard deviation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a representation of data by spatial relationships in a diagram?
A) graph
B) figure
C) histogram
D) table

Accepted Answer

Graphs represent data through spatial relationships, such as the positioning of points, lines, or bars, to show connections or trends among data points.

Question 20

In data reduction
A) Raw data are put into a form that is useful for statistical analysis
B) The descriptive statistics are calculated
C) An analysis is performed on the data to manage excessive data
D) Data is recorded onto data sheets

Accepted Answer

Raw data are put into a form that is useful for statistical analysis

Quiz 14: Data Exploration, Part 1: Graphic and Descriptive Techniques

The coding guide lists

The initial data sheet should contain all of the following except

Before inferential statistics are performed, you should

Which of the following is a display of numerical data in rows and columns of a matrix?

The most common score in a frequency distribution is called

The range

The main advantage of the mean is

Which measure of variability is probably best when the data is skewed?

The 50th percentile is

Which of the following steps should you carry out first in data handling?

Which one of the following terms least belongs with the others?

The middlemost score in a distribution is called

The semi-interquartile range is

The variance is

You should decide how to handle the data from an experiment

Data reduction is

A disadvantage of the variance is

The most common descriptive statistics concern

Which of the following is a representation of data by spatial relationships in a diagram?

In data reduction

The 50^th percentile is