Question 1

Trend analysis can be a useful technique when you have a series of observations collected in the past.

Accepted Answer

Trend analysis involves analyzing data over a period of time to identify any patterns or trends that may have emerged. It is useful when you have historical data that can help you to make predictions or projections for the future.

Question 2

In the case of Jim, he considers assigning incoming calls either the alternative or current service delivery model by flipping a coin. This would be an example of what type of group assignment?

Accepted Answer

Jim's decision to flip a coin for assigning incoming calls is an example of random assignment, as each call has an equal chance of being assigned to either the alternative or current service delivery models.

Question 3

Identify & describe research design for Emily.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify & describe research design for Emily....

Question 4

In Jim's case, he is utilizing data collected in the past about response times. This is an example of a _____________________.

Accepted Answer

Jim is analyzing data that has already been collected by someone else in the past, so it is secondary data analysis. Primary data analysis involves collecting new data, and tertiary data analysis involves analyzing data that has already been analyzed. Temporal precedence refers to establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between variables by demonstrating that the cause occurred before the effect.

Question 5

Identify and describe three threats to validity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify and describe three threats to validity....

Question 6

In an interrupted time series design, observations are always interrupted by a long period of time before the series resumes.

Accepted Answer

In an interrupted time series design, there may be a one-time interruption or multiple interruptions, but there is not necessarily a long period of time before the series resumes.

Question 7

In order to make a cause-and-effect claim, you need to have either temporal precedence or covariation of the cause and effect.

Accepted Answer

To make a cause-and-effect claim, you need both temporal precedence (the cause precedes the effect in time) and covariation of the cause and effect (when the cause occurs, the effect occurs, and when the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur), along with ruling out alternative explanations.

Question 8

In a cause-and-effect relationship, the observation is hypothesized to cause the change.

Accepted Answer

In a cause-and-effect relationship, the cause is hypothesized to bring about the effect, not the observation. The observation is what is noted or measured, which can lead to the hypothesis of a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 9

A selection-history threat could occur if threat two groups mature differently.

Accepted Answer

A selection-history threat refers to external events affecting participants differently based on the group they were assigned to, not differences in maturation between groups. Differences in maturation between groups would be considered a selection-maturation threat.

Question 10

In order to be in alignment, the research design chosen should coordinate with the purpose of the research.

Accepted Answer

The research design should be chosen in a way that supports the purpose and objectives of the research in order to attain valid and reliable results.

Question 11

A syllogism is always a binary description of a relationship.

Accepted Answer

A syllogism involves a logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is not limited to binary descriptions but can involve complex relationships among multiple premises.

Question 12

A baseline measurement typically occurs after an intervention.

Accepted Answer

A baseline measurement is taken before an intervention to establish the initial level of the variable being measured. This allows for comparisons to be made after the intervention to determine if it was effective.

Question 13

Observations, treatments or interventions, groups, assignment to group, and time are all essential elements of ________________.

Accepted Answer

These elements are essential components of experimental design, which involves manipulating variables and measuring outcomes to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Qualitative studies may not involve experimental interventions, and may not necessarily involve group assignments or strict timeframes. Research can encompass many different methodologies, so these elements are not necessarily universal to all research. Secondary data collection refers to the use of existing data sources, which may or may not involve these elements depending on the nature of the data being collected.

Question 14

Temporal precedence refers to the condition that the change does not occur before the hypothesized cause when establishing cause-and-effect.

Accepted Answer

Temporal precedence is a key component of establishing cause-and-effect relationships. It means that the hypothesized cause must precede the observed effect in time, and is therefore true.

Question 15

You are interested in people's change in demeanor as a result of viewing a scary movie. You interview them as they exit the movie theater and ask them how they felt before and after the movie. This is an example of what type of design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are interested in people's change in...

Question 16

What are the features of the experimental design? What are some of the challenges to achieving these?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the features of the experimental...

Question 17

The research design can be thought of as a plan for how you will be approaching the research.

Accepted Answer

The research design is indeed a plan for how the research will be approached. This includes decisions about the type of data to be collected, how it will be collected, and how it will be analyzed.

Question 18

_________________ is one way ethical concerns can be addressed in a study by telling the participants about the study before it is undertaken.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is the best choice as it ensures that study participants are fully informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, as well as any risks or benefits involved. This helps to protect participants' autonomy and ensure that they are able to make an informed decision about whether or not to participate in the study.

Quiz 4: Research Design