Question 1

William James helped develop which school of thought?

Accepted Answer

William James was a major figure in the development of functionalism, which focused on the adaptive functions of behavior and the ways in which mental processes help individuals and species to survive and flourish. He believed that psychology should be concerned with practical applications and the study of human experience, rather than just theoretical speculation or laboratory experimentation.

Question 2

A researcher is interested in exploring the nature of attention and consciousness as well as how unconscious processes influence behaviour.This researcher takes what type of perspective in the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The researcher's interest in exploring attention, consciousness, and unconscious processes suggests a focus on cognitive psychology, which emphasizes mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. Psychodynamic approaches focus on the roles of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior, while behaviorism focuses on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes. Functionalism is an early approach to psychology that emphasizes the adaptive functions of behavior.

Question 3

Research on perceptual illusions provides evidence that the mind perceives elements as a meaningful whole,a position advocated for by:

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology emphasizes the way in which the mind organizes perceptual stimuli into meaningful wholes rather than analyzing the individual elements that compose them. Perceptual illusions are evidence of this holistic approach to perception. Structuralism, psychodynamic perspective, and behaviourism all focus on analyzing individual elements of experience rather than the meaningful whole.

Question 4

Some of the ideas from functionalism live on in what more modern approach to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology incorporates the idea that psychological functions have evolved in response to adaptions to the environment, which is similar to the functionalist idea that mental processes serve a function.

Question 5

When did the cognitive revolution occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When did the cognitive revolution occur?
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Question 6

What level of analysis does the cognitive perspective usually take?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective usually takes a psychological level of analysis, focusing on mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, and reasoning.

Question 7

Researchers who are interested in developing complex computer models of human thought,reasoning,and problem solving would most likely be taking which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective emphasizes the importance of mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning in shaping human behavior. Researchers interested in developing complex computer models of human thought, reasoning, and problem solving would likely draw upon principles from cognitive psychology in order to create these models.

Question 8

The research area of cognitive neuroscience represents a combination of which two psychological perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience combines the biological perspective, which focuses on the brain and its functions, with the cognitive perspective, which focuses on mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory.

Question 9

Sharon is constantly talking,whether it is face-to-face,on the phone,or even to herself.Sharon is unaware of her excessive talking,which according to Freud's psychodynamic perspective means:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, unconscious motivations and impulses drive human behavior. Therefore, if Sharon is unaware of her excessive talking, it suggests that the causes of her behavior are unconscious.

Question 10

A psychological researcher states that we will greatly enhance our understanding of how humans think if we are able to simulate or duplicate human cognitive processes using computers.This researcher is most likely working from which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The researcher is focused on understanding human cognitive processes, which aligns with the cognitive perspective's emphasis on internal mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. The focus on technology and simulation also suggests a cognitive perspective rather than behaviourism or psychodynamic perspectives, which place less emphasis on mental processes. Sociobiology deals with the biological basis of social behaviour, which is outside the scope of the question.

Question 11

Rules that specify what behaviour is acceptable and expected,such as how to dress or how to respond to someone of higher status,are known as:

Accepted Answer

Norms refer to rules or expectations of behavior in a particular social context. The other options are not accurate definitions of the term described in the question.

Question 12

Which psychological perspective stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from the past?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts from the past in shaping a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This perspective suggests that early childhood experiences and traumas can have a significant impact on a person's personality and behavior patterns in adulthood.

Question 13

Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky were mentioned as theorists who have had a strong impact on which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget and Noam Chomsky are both known for their contributions to the cognitive perspective of psychology, which focuses on studying mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning. Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes how children actively construct and revise their understanding of the world, while Chomsky's work on language acquisition suggests that humans have an innate capacity for language and grammar. Both of these theories have had a significant impact on the development of cognitive psychology.

Question 14

Senara is conducting a study on how stress can influence problem-solving by manipulating the amount of time and the level of difficulty of the problems to solve.Which perspective is Senara taking to the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Senara is taking a cognitive perspective to the study of psychology because she is interested in how mental processes (such as problem-solving) are influenced by factors such as stress, which can affect cognitive functioning. The other perspectives listed (psychodynamic, behaviourist, humanist) would focus on different aspects of psychology, such as unconscious motivations, observable behaviour, or personal growth and self-actualization.

Question 15

A particular research lab uses advanced electrical recording and brain-imagining tools to monitor brain functioning while people engage in various mental activities.Researchers in this lab are most likely doing investigations in which area of modern cognitive science?

Accepted Answer

The use of advanced electrical recording and brain-imaging tools to monitor brain function during mental activities is a key technique used in the field of cognitive neuroscience. The other options provided do not involve the same level of neuroscientific investigation.

Question 16

A researcher is interested in whether or not gender or social status might influence the way an individual communicates with others.This researcher is taking which perspective to the study of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective in psychology focuses on the influence of social and cultural factors on an individual's behavior, including how they communicate with others. In this case, the researcher is specifically interested in whether gender and social status, which are social and cultural factors, impact communication. Therefore, the sociocultural perspective is the most relevant to this study. The other perspectives, such as behaviorism and cognitive behaviorism, may not consider the social and cultural factors that are being examined. The cognitive perspective may examine how an individual's thoughts and beliefs influence their communication, but it does not specifically consider gender and social status as factors.

Question 17

Professor Jean Piaget is best known for his research in which area?

Accepted Answer

Piaget is most famous for his theory of cognitive development in children, which he studied extensively through observations of his own children and other children in his research.

Question 18

What level of analysis does the behaviourist perspective usually take?

Accepted Answer

The behaviourist perspective focuses on the role of the environment in shaping behaviour, therefore it usually takes an environmental level of analysis.

Question 19

Which of the following was NOT provided in the textbook as influential in starting the cognitive revolution?

Accepted Answer

Research on eyewitness testimony and memory distortion became more prominent after the cognitive revolution, rather than being a catalyst for it. The other options were key factors in the cognitive revolution's development.

Question 20

What level of analysis does the psychodynamic perspective usually take?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective focuses on psychological factors and unconscious processes, including early childhood experiences and the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior and personality. Therefore, it takes a psychological level of analysis.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour