Question 1

The three important principles of effective time management are:

Accepted Answer

Creating written schedules helps in setting clear goals and deadlines, prioritizing helps in identifying important tasks and completing them first, and monitoring progress helps in tracking the amount of time spent on different tasks and making necessary adjustments to improve efficiency. Therefore, creating written schedules, prioritizing, and monitoring progress are the three important principles of effective time management.

Question 2

The specialty area in psychology that focuses on how the presence of other people influences an individual's behaviour,thoughts,and feelings is called:

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the specialty area in psychology that focuses on how the presence of other people influences an individual's behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Personality psychology focuses on individual differences in traits and patterns of behavior, cross-cultural psychology examines how culture influences behavior, and organizational psychology looks at behavior in work settings.

Question 3

The specialty area in psychology that focuses on the study of nonhuman species in natural and laboratory environments is:

Accepted Answer

The specialty area that focuses on the study of nonhuman species is known as comparative psychology. This field compares the behavior and mental processes of different animal species, including their cognition, communication, social behavior, and learning abilities, to better understand the evolution and development of animal behavior.

Question 4

What are the four classes of academic performance enhancement strategies?

Accepted Answer

Time management and study skills are essential for academic success, while test preparation strategies and test-taking skills are necessary to perform well on exams. Prioritizing and written schedules may also be helpful, but they are more specific aspects of time management and study skills. Constant feedback is not a class of academic performance enhancement strategies, but rather a tool that can be used within these classes to improve performance.

Question 5

According to the behavioural perspective,depression is the result of:

Accepted Answer

The behavioral perspective suggests that depression can result from a non-rewarding or punishing environment, which can decrease positive reinforcement and lead to depressive behaviors.

Question 6

A person who is depressed begins eating poorly and quits exercising.These behaviours in turn result in a change in the person's physiology.This would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

The scenario described shows that the person's behaviour (poor eating habits and quitting exercise) is influencing their biology (physiological changes). Therefore, the correct answer is B - the person's behaviour is affecting their biology.

Question 7

Julie wants to earn good grades in college and planned to devote enough time studying to succeed.However,Julie's apartment is a mess,and although it is the quietest place to study,she cannot focus on studying when she is surrounded by the mess.Julie decides to clean up her apartment and then she is too tired to study.Julie has a problem with:

Accepted Answer

Julie's problem is prioritizing her tasks. She realizes that she needs a clean environment to study effectively, but by prioritizing cleaning over studying, she ends up too tired to study afterward. With better time management and prioritization skills, she could find a way to balance both tasks effectively.

Question 8

Which of the following was mentioned as a strategy that is often used by test-wise students?

Accepted Answer

Test-wise students often use the strategy of immediately ruling out obviously incorrect answers on multiple-choice tests.

Question 9

Research looking at the effectiveness of different study techniques found that in general,study techniques:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that certain study techniques, such as practice testing and distributed practice, can increase students' memory capacity by around 20 percent. However, not all study techniques are equally effective and some may even decrease memory capacity. It is important for students to identify which techniques work best for them and incorporate them into their study habits.

Question 10

If you wanted to understand some of the important causes of depression and you paid attention to the negative thinking that often accompanies depression,you would be interpreting depression from which level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you wanted to understand some of...

Question 11

A specialty area that focuses on the study of basic processes such as ,perception,and motivation is called:

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychology is the specialty area that focuses on studying basic processes like perception and motivation through controlled experiments.

Question 12

Research on the psychological causes of depression has found that clinically depressed people:

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that a hallmark symptom of depression is a pervasive sense of hopelessness and helplessness. Clinically depressed individuals tend to view the world, the future, and themselves in a negative light and perceive themselves as lacking agency to change their situation. Option A is incorrect as depressed individuals tend to focus on negative events and attribute personal responsibility to negative outcomes rather than positive ones. Option C is also incorrect as depressed individuals typically have a limited sense of control over their environment and their ability to manage stressful events. Option D may have some truth as there are some brain abnormalities associated with depression, but it is not the sole cause of depression.

Question 13

Research on depression in various cultures has found that the symptom patterns of depression are different in various cultures and that the relative occurrence of depression is ______________ in various cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on depression in various cultures has...

Question 14

Psychology can be defined generally as the scientific study of the mind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychology can be defined generally as the...

Question 15

Bob is mildly depressed.Because of his generally negative attitude and hopelessness,Bob's friends,who typically enjoy his company,no longer want to spend time with him.The impact of Bob's depression on his friends is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bob's behaviour, specifically his negative attitude and hopelessness, is affecting his environment, in this case his friends' desire to spend time with him. This is an example of behavioural factors affecting environmental factors.

Question 16

Two people are witnesses to a violent earthquake.One person is mildly upset by this event and copes well with it.The other person,who has a biological predisposition to anxiety,becomes very stressed after the event,has difficulty coping with it,and eventually gets ill.Because the effects of the earthquake differed,depending on whether the person had the predisposition of anxiety or not,this would be an example of an:

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes an interaction between the biological predisposition to anxiety and the experience of the earthquake, resulting in different outcomes for each individual.

Question 17

When deconstructing a disorder such as depression,the presence or strength of one factor influences the effects of other factors.This presence of one factor influencing the effect of another factor is called an:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the presence of one factor influencing the effect of another factor is "interaction". Therefore, option C is the correct choice.

Question 18

One major theme in psychology emphasizes that our biological endowment and our personal experiences interact to influence how we behave.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The theme described is an example of "nature and nurture interacting," where "nature" refers to our biological endowment (genetics, biological processes) and "nurture" refers to our personal experiences and environment. This theme highlights the interplay between these two factors in shaping behavior.

Question 19

Since he was a little boy,Niko wanted to help people be healthy and he always thought he would be a doctor when he grew up.Now in university,Niko is reluctant to commit to pre-medical studies because he has seen the overuse of medication,and he believes he can help people without drugs.Which of the following career paths in psychology might Niko consider?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology involves working with individuals to assess, diagnose, and treat emotional and behavioral disorders. Niko’s interest in helping people without drugs would align well with this career path as clinical psychologists often utilize talk therapy and other non-pharmacological interventions to help their clients.

Question 20

When you are studying and attempting to retain material,the directed questions study method is _________________.

Accepted Answer

The directed questions study method is more effective than simply reading textual material as it encourages active engagement with the material by prompting specific queries that facilitate deeper understanding and better recall.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour