Question 1

Humanistic theorists assume that everyone has an innate tendency towards personal growth and achieving one's individual potential.This concept is called:

Accepted Answer

The concept of innate tendency towards personal growth and achieving one's individual potential is called self-actualization, which is a central idea in humanistic theory. This term was coined by Abraham Maslow, who argued that this drive to fulfill one's potential is a fundamental part of human nature.

Question 2

In the Tchambuli tribe from New Guinea,women are more assertive and are responsible for obtaining the tribe's food,while the men usually spend their days working on their art and talking about the women.According to researchers taking a cultural psychology approach,this reversal of the typical western gender roles is:

Accepted Answer

The Tchambuli's reversal of gender roles is a product of their unique cultural expectations and learning experiences, as opposed to genetics or lack of awareness of Western culture.

Question 3

Sam and Ben are brothers.Sam attends the local neighbourhood school,while his younger brother,Ben,attends an exclusive private school.Sam is very proud of his home and frequently invites friends over to his house to study or just relax.Ben,on the other hand,does not want his classmates to see how poor his family is and is embarrassed by the small house his family lives in.In this case,the opposing views of the same home can be explained from a sociocultural perspective in the following way:

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective emphasizes that individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by their cultural and societal contexts. In this case, the different social settings at school for each boy have influenced their perceptions of their own home. Sam attends a neighborhood school where his friends likely come from similar backgrounds, and therefore he feels proud of his home and has no qualms about inviting friends over. Ben, on the other hand, attends an exclusive private school where his classmates likely come from wealthier backgrounds, and he feels embarrassed by his family's small home because he perceives it as not meeting the norm for his social group.

Question 4

Behaviourism gave rise to a set of behaviour change techniques that were known as:

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism gave rise to a set of behaviour change techniques that were known as behaviour modification techniques, which involve the use of positive and negative reinforcement to shape and change behaviour.

Question 5

Levine and colleague's research on whether individuals would marry someone they didn't love most clearly demonstrates the influence of:

Accepted Answer

Levine and colleague's research focused on cross-cultural differences in the importance of love in choosing a spouse, indicating that cultural norms play a significant role in shaping perceptions of what is normal or acceptable in mate selection.

Question 6

Susan is having trouble with anxiety and is working with a therapist to address this problem.As part of her treatment,the therapist teaches Susan how to change her anxiety-provoking thoughts and how to change her environment so that it reinforces the positive behaviours she wants to practice.Susan's therapist is most likely associated with which area of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The therapist teaching Susan how to change her thoughts and environment in order to address her anxiety indicates the use of cognitive-behavioural techniques, making D the correct choice. Humanistic, psychodynamic, and sociocultural approaches may also be used in therapy, but they are not specifically mentioned in this scenario.

Question 7

Keri has always had a strong desire to paint.Her parents insist she go to college rather than the art school she wishes to attend.Her therapist,who is aligned with the humanistic perspective believes:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of fulfilling our potential and achieving personal growth. Keri's strong desire to paint indicates that this is a meaningful goal for her. If she is forced to pursue a different path, such as college, her therapist might believe that she will become frustrated and not be able to fulfill herself. This aligns with the humanistic belief that individuals have a deep need for self-actualization and the pursuit of their own unique goals and passions.

Question 8

A psychologist who acknowledges the importance of both the environment and internal thoughts in determining human behaviour would likely be associated with which of the following perspectives of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A psychologist who acknowledges the importance of both the environment and internal thoughts in determining human behaviour would be associated with cognitive behaviourism, which focuses on how our internal thoughts and beliefs influence our behaviour and how they can be modified by changing our thought patterns. This perspective also recognizes the role of the environment in shaping behaviour, as it emphasizes the interaction between our mental processes and our external experiences. The other options (behavioural, sociocultural, and evolutionary biology) do not specifically address the importance of both internal thoughts and environmental factors in determining behaviour.

Question 9

Positive psychology is an outgrowth from which perspective?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology is an outgrowth from the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes the potential for growth and self-fulfillment in each individual.

Question 10

According to the sociocultural perspective,the rules that specify what is and is not acceptable behaviour for members of a group (such as what men and women should wear or how to act in different social situations)are called:

Accepted Answer

According to the sociocultural perspective, the rules that specify acceptable behavior for members of a group are called norms. Cultural standards might refer to broader values and beliefs held by a society, while ideals and principles are more abstract concepts that may not necessarily relate specifically to behavior.

Question 11

The psychological perspective that arose from the philosophical roots that emphasized free will,innate tendencies to work towards personal growth,and the attempt to find meaning in personal existence is called:

Accepted Answer

The psychological perspective that emphasizes free will, personal growth, and meaning in personal existence is known as humanistic psychology. This perspective arose from philosophical roots and focuses on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals. The other options listed (sociocultural, behavioral, cognitive) do not emphasize these ideas as strongly as humanistic psychology does.

Question 12

The perspective that acknowledges the importance of the environment and internal mental processes in determining behaviour is called:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behaviourism emphasizes both the importance of environmental factors and internal mental processes, including thoughts and beliefs, in shaping behaviour. Sociocultural theory focuses more on cultural and social factors, while psychodynamic theory centers on unconscious motivation and inner conflict. Environmental theory primarily emphasizes the impact of external factors.

Question 13

The psychological perspective that focuses on the diversity of societies and how customs are transmitted to its members is called:

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective is concerned with understanding the influence of social and cultural factors on human behavior, cognition, and development. This perspective emphasizes the importance of social norms and cultural customs in shaping behavior and personality. It examines the ways in which societies differ in terms of their customs, beliefs, values, and practices, and how these differences influence individual and group behavior.

Question 14

Jerry and his psychologist often discuss how Jerry finds personal meaning in his life.The psychologist also focuses on the power of choice and free will.This psychologist most likely believes in which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

The psychologist's focus on personal meaning and the power of choice aligns with the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes individual growth, self-actualization, and the importance of subjective experiences. The other options (behavioural, psychodynamic, and biological) do not place as much emphasis on personal meaning and free will.

Question 15

The psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives are similar in that both acknowledge the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Both psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives focus on internal personality processes, such as thoughts, feelings, and motives, as central to understanding human behavior.

Question 16

In response to the psychodynamic and behavioural perspectives,the humanistic movement believes that:

Accepted Answer

The humanistic movement believes that individuals have control over their own personality development, as opposed to the psychodynamic and behavioural perspectives which place an emphasis on unconscious processes and environmental factors. The humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the innate goodness of individuals.

Question 17

The humanistic and behavioural perspectives are similar in that:

Accepted Answer

Both perspectives acknowledge the importance of the environment in shaping human behavior and experiences. However, they differ in their beliefs about the role of individual agency and motivation. The humanistic perspective emphasizes self-actualization and personal growth, while the behavioral perspective emphasizes the influence of external rewards and punishments on behavior.

Question 18

The perspective that emphasizes the environmental control of actions through is known as:

Accepted Answer

The perspective that emphasizes the environmental control of actions is known as behaviorism. This perspective emphasizes the role of external factors in shaping and controlling behavior, such as reinforcement and punishment.

Question 19

The term that refers to persisting values,beliefs,behaviours,and traditions that are shared by a large group of people and are passed from one generation to the next is:

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question matches the definition of culture. Sociobiology is the study of the biological basis of social behavior in animals, including humans. Introspection is the process of looking inward to examine one's own thoughts and feelings. Self-actualization refers to the realization of one's full potential and is a concept within humanistic psychology. However, none of these options fully match the definition given in the question.

Question 20

Research on whether or not the presence of others will influence if an individual will stop to help a bystander would be an example of research taking which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The question is focused on how the presence of others, a social factor, affects an individual's decision to help someone else. This aligns with the sociocultural perspective, which emphasizes the impact of social and cultural factors on behavior. The cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes, behaviorism emphasizes conditioning and reinforcement, and the psychodynamic perspective emphasizes unconscious conflicts and motivations, none of which are directly relevant to this question.

Quiz 1: Psychology: the Science of Behaviour