Question 1

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures,physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions.This best illustrates a procedure known as

Accepted Answer

The procedure described involves destroying nerve clusters, which is a characteristic of psychosurgery. A involves using magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells, C involves using electrical stimulation to regulate neural activity, and D involves inducing seizures for therapeutic purposes.

Question 2

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) requires the patient to receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment. This is because ECT involves passing electrical currents through the brain to induce a seizure, and without anesthesia and muscle relaxants, the muscle contractions that occur during a seizure could cause injury. rTMS (A) does not require anesthesia or muscle relaxants, nor do antipsychotic drugs (B) or SSRIs (C).

Question 3

ECT has been proven to successfully reduce the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression. It involves passing an electric current through the brain to induce a seizure, and the exact mechanism of how it works is still unclear. ECT is typically used when other treatments have failed or if the patient's symptoms are severe or life-threatening. There is limited evidence for its effectiveness in treating other mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 4

Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis, which is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the importance of the unconscious mind and childhood experiences in shaping behavior and personality.

Question 5

Which of the following is likely to lead to inflated client perceptions of the effectiveness of their psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon in which a person's belief in a treatment's effectiveness leads to improvement in their symptoms, even if the treatment itself is ineffective. This can lead to inflated client perceptions of the effectiveness of their psychotherapy, particularly if they believe mistakenly that any improvements they experience are solely due to the therapy, rather than due to a combination of the therapy and the placebo effect.

Question 6

Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best described as

Accepted Answer

Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia is best described as psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis, insight therapy, and psychodynamic therapy are all types of psychotherapy, but they have specific approaches and techniques that may not be appropriate for treating phobias.

Question 7

As a therapist,Dr.Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization.She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool,and she frequently makes use of free association.Dr.Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as

Accepted Answer

The use of systematic desensitization suggests a behavioral approach, while the use of active listening and free association suggest a psychoanalytic approach. Therefore, Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach can best be described as eclectic, meaning that she draws from multiple theoretical approaches.

Question 8

Freudian psychoanalysis continues to influence modern therapists working from the

Accepted Answer

Freudian psychoanalysis is a fundamental part of the psychodynamic perspective, which is still widely used in modern therapy. While other perspectives may incorporate some of Freud's ideas, such as behaviorists recognizing the role of early experiences in shaping behavior, none rely on psychoanalysis to the extent that psychodynamic therapists do.

Question 9

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Accepted Answer

Thorazine is a typical antipsychotic drug that can help relieve positive symptoms of schizophrenia such as auditory hallucinations and paranoia. Xanax is an anti-anxiety medication, lithium is a mood stabilizer, and Prozac is an antidepressant, none of which are typically used to treat schizophrenia symptoms.

Question 10

Prescribing antidepressant drugs for the treatment of anxiety disorders best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Prescribing antidepressant drugs is an example of biomedical therapy, which involves the use of medications or other biological treatments to target a patient's symptoms. It is not behavior therapy (which focuses on changing problematic behaviors) or psychodynamic therapy (which focuses on exploring unconscious conflicts and experiences). While cognitive therapy may also involve medication, it primarily emphasizes changing negative thought patterns and beliefs through psychological techniques.

Question 11

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Xanax is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, lithium is a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder, and Thorazine is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Question 12

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to bring ________ feelings and thoughts into conscious awareness.

Accepted Answer

The main focus of psychoanalysis is to bring repressed feelings and thoughts into the conscious awareness of the patient. This is done through various techniques such as free association, dream analysis, and interpretation of transference. By making the unconscious thoughts and emotions conscious, the patient can better understand and work through their psychological issues.

Question 13

Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change, as it has been shown to improve mood and reduce the risk of depression and anxiety. rTMS and deep brain stimulation are forms of neuromodulation that are used to treat certain mental health disorders, but they are not typically considered part of therapeutic lifestyle change. Mood-stabilizing drugs may be part of a treatment plan for certain conditions, but they do not address lifestyle factors in the same way as therapeutic lifestyle change.

Question 14

Which form of psychotherapy has had especially good results in treating phobias?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral conditioning therapy, specifically exposure therapy, has been shown to be effective in treating phobias. This involves gradually exposing the patient to the feared object or situation in a controlled environment until the fear response is reduced.

Question 15

Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic techniques, such as free association and dream analysis, aim to bring to consciousness repressed conflicts, impulses, and memories that may be contributing to a patient's current psychological problems. This process of gaining insight into unconscious material is thought to be key to promoting long-term psychological growth and healing. While psychoanalytic therapy may indirectly address issues related to self-esteem or trust, these are not primary goals of the approach.

Question 16

Dr.Zander applies psychological techniques to treat various psychological disorders.Dr.Zander is using

Accepted Answer

Dr. Zander is using psychotherapy, which is a general term for different types of talk therapy used to treat psychological disorders. Some techniques used in psychotherapy draw from psychodynamic theories, but it is not necessarily limited to this approach.

Question 17

The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates

Accepted Answer

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) is a type of biomedical therapy that involves passing an electric current through the brain to induce a seizure, which can help alleviate symptoms of severe depression. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (B) focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, while psychodynamic therapy (C) emphasizes exploring unconscious conflicts and emotions. Person-centered therapy (D) is a humanistic approach that emphasizes empathy and client-centered therapy.

Question 18

Dr.Mendez uses antidepressants and ECT to treat clients with severe depression.Dr.Mendez is a

Accepted Answer

Only a psychiatrist is legally authorized to prescribe medication and perform ECT for the treatment of mental illnesses, including severe depression. Clinical psychologists, psychiatric social workers, and counselors cannot prescribe medication or perform ECT.

Question 19

Most political dissidents who have survived a period of imprisonment and torture do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to the ability of individuals to adapt to and cope effectively with adversity or trauma. The fact that most political dissidents who have survived imprisonment and torture do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder suggests that these individuals may have a certain level of resilience that allows them to recover from traumatic experiences.

Question 20

The most effective psychotherapists are those who

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that the most effective psychotherapists are those who establish an empathic, caring relationship with their clients. This is often referred to as the therapeutic alliance, and it is crucial for successful therapy outcomes. While personality tests may be helpful in understanding clients' difficulties, they are not the sole indicator of effective therapy. The number of years of experience a therapist has is not necessarily a predictor of their effectiveness. Additionally, while medication may be prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, therapists should not discourage clients from seeking medical assistance if needed.

Quiz 14: Therapy