Question 1

Robert stands three times on a pair of scales in a period of 5 minutes.The first time he weighs 92 kg,the second time he weighs 102 kg and the third time he weighs 95 kg.What conclusion can we draw based on this information on the pair of scales?

Accepted Answer

The significant fluctuations in weight readings within a short period suggest the scales are not providing consistent (reliable) or accurate (valid) measurements.

Question 2

Which of the following alternatives is not an example of a ranking scale?

Accepted Answer

A Likert scale is not a ranking scale; it is a type of rating scale used to represent people's attitudes or feelings towards a given subject.

Question 3

What formally is the scale level of a Likert scale?

Accepted Answer

Likert scale is a type of ordinal scale as it measures the degree of agreement or disagreement with a statement or question. The responses are ordered in a hierarchy, but the intervals between the responses are not necessarily equal.

Question 4

When a researcher is concerned about the extent to which an instrument adequately measures a concept,he is concerned about:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a researcher is concerned about the...

Question 5

Discriminant validity is the extent to which experts are of the opinion that an instrument measures what it intended to measure.

Accepted Answer

Discriminant validity is the extent to which a test or instrument is not correlated with other tests from which it is theoretically different, ensuring it measures a distinct concept.

Question 6

Interval and ratio variables are also called metric variables.

Accepted Answer

Interval and ratio variables are both types of metric variables, which are variables measured on a continuous scale with equal intervals between values.

Question 7

Which of the alternatives below is not an example of a ranking scale?

Accepted Answer

The Stapel scale is a unipolar rating scale, not a ranking scale. It measures attitudes or opinions by asking respondents to rate a single attribute on a scale, typically ranging from -5 to +5.

Question 8

The assessment of the goodness of a scale relates to both the validity and reliability of this scale.

Accepted Answer

The validity and reliability of a scale are both important factors in determining its goodness or effectiveness. Validity refers to whether the scale actually measures what it is intended to measure, while reliability refers to the consistency and stability of the scale's measurements over time or across different contexts. By assessing both validity and reliability, researchers can determine how well a scale measures the construct it is designed to measure and whether it provides accurate and consistent results.

Question 9

The fallowing scale type is called: "Ugly 1 2 3 4 5 Beautiful"

Accepted Answer

This is a semantic differential scale as it uses opposite adjectives to measure a respondent's attitude towards a certain object or concept. The adjectives in this case are "ugly" and "beautiful".

Question 10

Julia stands on a pair of scales three times in succession.The first time she weighs 69 kilo,the second time 69 kilo,and the third time 69 kilo.Her real weight is 51 kilo.What is the matter with the scales?

Accepted Answer

The scales are not reliable because they give the same reading (69 kg) three times, even though Julia's real weight is 51 kg.

Question 11

A moderator can only be measured on a nominal level.

Accepted Answer

A moderator variable can be measured on any scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio), depending on the nature of the variable and the design of the study.

Question 12

About a scale (set of questions)it can be said that it is if it measures what it should be measuring.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to whether a scale accurately measures what it is intended to measure. It is important for a scale to be valid in order to ensure that the results obtained from it are accurate and meaningful. Reliability refers to the consistency of the scale across multiple measurements and consistency of scoring. Accuracy refers to the degree to which the results of the measurement reflect the true value of what is being measured. Consistency refers to the degree to which a scale produces similar results over time. While all of these factors are important for a good scale, validity is the most essential for ensuring that the scale measures what it intended to measure.

Question 13

With face validity,the validity is not tested statistically.

Accepted Answer

Face validity is a form of validity that refers to the degree to which a measure appears "on its face" to measure what it is supposed to measure. It doesn't involve statistical testing, but rather subjective evaluation.

Question 14

How can content validity of a scale be determined?

Accepted Answer

Content validity of a scale can be determined by having a panel of experts review the items on the scale to ensure that they are relevant, comprehensive, and representative of the construct being measured. This process is known as content validation, and it helps to ensure that the scale is measuring what it is intended to measure. Other options, such as correlating multiple instruments or testing the predictive ability of the scale, may be useful in establishing other types of validity, but they do not specifically assess content validity.

Question 15

How do we call the following scale type? "Where in the Netherlands do you live? The South
The West
The North
The East

Accepted Answer

This is a category scale because it classifies respondents into distinct groups or categories without implying any order or ranking among the choices.

Question 16

About a scale (set of questions)it can be said that the indicates how well the measure taps the concept as theorized.Which word is missing?

Accepted Answer

Construct validity is the extent to which a measure accurately assesses the underlying construct that it was designed to measure. It indicates how well the measure taps the concept as theorized. Content validity pertains to how well a measure covers all aspects of the concept being measured. Criterion-related validity assesses a measure's ability to predict a criterion, such as a future outcome. Stability refers to the consistency of a measure across time. While all of these types of validity are important, construct validity is specifically related to how well a set of questions accurately measures the concept being studied.

Question 17

A characteristic of a variable on interval level is that it has an absolute zero point.

Accepted Answer

A variable on the interval level does not have an absolute zero point; instead, it allows for the measurement of differences between values, but zero does not indicate the absence of the quantity being measured. Absolute zero is a characteristic of the ratio level of measurement.

Question 18

The following scale type is: "Cold |___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| Hot"

Accepted Answer

A semantic differential scale uses polar opposite adjectives (in this case, "cold" and "hot") and asks respondents to rate a concept or item on a scale between these two adjectives.

Question 19

Construct validity ensures that the measure includes an adequate and representative set of items.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Construct validity ensures that the measure includes...

Question 20

Which of the following alternatives is not an example of a rating scale?

Accepted Answer

Paired comparison is a method of preference ranking, but it is not a type of rating scale. Rating scales involve indicating a degree or level of agreement, satisfaction, or importance on a scale.

Quiz 12: Measurement: Scaling, Reliability and Validity