Question 1

When people experience an event as a challenge:

Accepted Answer

When people perceive an event as a challenge, their heart rate increases to prepare for action, and their veins and arteries dilate to allow more blood flow to muscles.

Question 2

Aylin is convinced that everyone is staring at her new haircut.Aylin's belief is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The spotlight effect refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others are attending to or observing them, often resulting in a self-conscious feeling that one is constantly in the spotlight. In Aylin's case, she believes that everyone is staring at her new haircut, which is an example of the spotlight effect.

Question 3

Compared to those low in self-monitoring,people high in self-monitoring:

Accepted Answer

High self-monitors are adept at adjusting their behavior to fit different situations, which includes being able to give performances that may be seen as cynical if they believe it suits the context or helps them achieve their goals. They are skilled at reading social cues and altering their behavior accordingly, which does not necessarily translate to having more consistent behavior, more friendships, or more long-lasting romantic relationships.

Question 4

According to the overjustification effect,if you promise a child a reward for doing what he or she already intrinsically enjoys,then

Accepted Answer

The overjustification effect refers to the decrease in intrinsic motivation that occurs when a previously enjoyed activity is now reinforced extrinsically (through rewards). So, promising a child a reward for doing what he or she already enjoys will lead to less enjoyment of the activity because the child will view it as something they have to do to get the reward, rather than something enjoyable on its own.

Question 5

_____ occurs when people attribute their action to an external incentive,and their intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of the task are consequently diminished.

Accepted Answer

The overjustification effect occurs when people attribute their action to an external incentive, such as receiving a reward, and their intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of the task are consequently diminished. This happens because the external incentive becomes the primary reason for performing the task, rather than the internal enjoyment or satisfaction of doing it.

Question 6

Some research suggests that people who experience trauma:

Accepted Answer

While trauma can have negative effects, some individuals may also experience what is known as post-traumatic growth. This includes a shift in perspective, increased personal resilience, and an appreciation for life.

Question 7

The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

The spotlight effect refers to the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others are noticing and paying attention to one's appearance and behavior. It can lead to self-consciousness and anxiety in social situations.

Question 8

Extrinsic motivation refers to _____,while intrinsic motivation refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or pressures, whereas intrinsic motivation comes from within, reflecting personal interests or desires.

Question 9

In a state of flow,the individual _____,while in a state of mindfulness,the individual _____.

Accepted Answer

In a state of flow, the individual becomes completely absorbed in an activity and loses awareness of their surroundings or other distractions. In contrast, mindfulness involves being completely attentive to the present moment, without becoming lost or absorbed in any particular activity or thought. Thus, the best choice is B, where flow is associated with being absorbed in an activity and mindfulness is associated with being completely attentive to the present moment.

Question 10

The extent to which a person believes that either internal or external factors determine their outcomes is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term "locus of control" refers to the extent to which individuals believe they have control over the events that affect their lives. If they believe they have control, they have an internal locus of control, and if they believe that external factors control their life, they have an external locus of control. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 11

All of the following are ways that people maximize self-growth EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Focusing on becoming more intrinsically motivated is a way to maximize self-growth, not an exception.

Question 12

Yamir attends sociology class because he would feel guilty if he didn't attend.However,he doesn't really feel that sociology connects to his sense of what he wants to do with his life.Yamir attends the class because of:

Accepted Answer

Yamir's motivation for attending the sociology class is extrinsic, meaning it is driven by external factors such as guilt or the need to fulfill a requirement or expectation. Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is driven by an individual's internal desires or interests.

Question 13

When faced with a daunting situation,if a person believes their resources are adequate they experience _____,but if a person believes their resources are inadequate they experience _____.

Accepted Answer

According to the challenge and threat theory of stress, if a person believes that their resources are adequate to meet a challenge, they experience a challenge response characterized by increased focus, motivation, and arousal. On the other hand, if a person feels that their resources are inadequate, they experience a threat response characterized by anxiety, avoidance, and negative emotions. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 14

While _____ refers to the tendency to overestimate others' ability to know one's thoughts,_____ refers to the belief that others are more focused on oneself than they really are.

Accepted Answer

The first blank is filled by "the illusion of transparency," which refers to the tendency to overestimate one's ability to communicate and have one's inner feelings and thoughts understood by others.

The second blank is filled by "the spotlight effect," which refers to the belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are.

Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 15

People feel self-determined in their actions when all of the following basic needs are met EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The three basic needs for self-determination theory are autonomy, competence, and relatedness, meaning that a sense of connection with others or social support is necessary for individuals to feel self-determined in their actions. Self-evaluation is not a basic need in this theory.

Question 16

Individuals who are low in self-monitoring:

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are low in self-monitoring have more consistent behavior across situations, meaning their behavior is more consistent and predictable regardless of the situation they are in. They do not have the ability to adjust their behavior to different social situations like high self-monitors who are social chameleons. Therefore, they have less variations in their behavior across situations. Better cynical performances are not necessarily related to self-monitoring.

Question 17

Compared to younger people,older people are consistently:

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that older adults report higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness compared to younger people. This could be due to a variety of factors such as greater wisdom, more stable relationships, and a sense of accomplishment from a lifetime of experiences. While anxiety and depression can still affect older adults, it is not a consistent pattern across all individuals in this age group. Activity levels also vary among older adults depending on their overall health and lifestyle factors.

Question 18

All of the following are fundamental motives behind self-presentation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Self-presentation is driven by motives to convey and protect one's self-image, support the meaningfulness of social interactions, and serve as the basis for self-improvement. While self-presentation may highlight the arbitrary nature of cultural standards, this is not a fundamental motive behind it.

Question 19

The feeling of being completely absorbed in an activity that challenges skills at an appropriate level is called:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe being completely absorbed in an activity that challenges skills at an appropriate level is "flow." This refers to the feeling of being fully immersed in an activity and losing track of time, while also feeling a sense of control and accomplishment. Anxiety and boredom, on the other hand, typically do not involve a sense of control or enjoyment in the activity. Self-awareness may be important in recognizing and achieving a state of flow, but it is not the specific term used to describe this experience.

Question 20

Arnost is taking a psychology course to learn more about himself and his personal growth.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Arnost's motivation for taking the psychology course is driven by his desire for personal growth and understanding himself better, which is an example of intrinsic motivation.

Quiz 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth