Question 1

Both men and women view messages that are _______ as the most effective and supportive way of helping someone in emotional distress.
A) highly person-centered
B) low in person-centeredness
C) highly feminine
D) highly masculine

Accepted Answer

Both men and women view highly person-centered messages as the most effective and supportive way of helping someone in emotional distress. This means that messages should focus on the person's feelings and needs, rather than just offering generic advice or dismissing their emotions.

Question 2

When a baby is born, the doctor holds up the child for the parents to see and says, "Congratulations, it looks like you have a healthy baby boy!" What aspect of maleness-femaleness is the doctor specifically referring to?
A) The baby's psychological gender
B) The baby's biological sex
C) The baby's gender ideology
D) The baby's gender role orientation

Accepted Answer

The doctor is referring to the baby's biological sex, as they are identifying whether the baby has male or female reproductive organs.

Question 3

People who endorse both stereotypically male and female characteristics are considered _______.
A) masculine
B) feminine
C) androgynous
D) undifferentiated

Accepted Answer

People who endorse both stereotypically male and female characteristics are considered androgynous. This term is used to describe individuals who express a combination of traditionally masculine and feminine qualities or characteristics. It is an inclusive term that represents a gender identity that is not strictly male or female.

Question 4

Current research suggests that men and women are _______ in how they provide and respond to supportive communication.
A) dramatically different
B) absolutely identical
C) more similar than they are different
D) quite opposite

Accepted Answer

Current research indicates that men and women are more similar than different in terms of their supportive communication styles. While there may be some slight differences in how men and women offer or seek support, overall there is a great deal of overlap between the genders. Additionally, individual differences within each gender may have a greater impact on communication styles than gender itself.

Question 5

The idea that men and women possess different interpersonal standards and values, approach their relationships from different perspectives, and belong to different "speech communities" is associated with the _______.
A) different cultures thesis
B) differential ability/motivation model
C) "men are from Earth, women are from Venus" hypothesis
D) social context model

Accepted Answer

The different cultures thesis asserts that men and women belong to different cultural groups, with unique values, standards, and communication styles. This thesis suggests that men and women have different communication patterns, based on their socialization experiences, which are influenced by cultural norms, gender roles, and power dynamics.

Question 6

When a person's biological sex "matches" his or her psychological gender, researchers often describe that person as _______.
A) androgynous
B) genderized
C) undifferentiated
D) sex-typed

Accepted Answer

The term "sex-typed" refers to individuals whose biological sex and psychological gender align, meaning they identify as either male or female based on their biological sex. Androgynous refers to individuals who exhibit a mix of masculine and feminine traits, undifferentiated refers to individuals who have not yet developed a clear gender identity, and "genderized" is not a commonly used term in psychology or gender research.

Question 7

Research suggests that _______ men and women are more willing to self-disclose and have better relationship outcomes than _______ men and women.
A) sex-typed; androgynous
B) androgynous; sex-typed
C) masculine; feminine
D) undifferentiated; sex-typed

Accepted Answer

Androgynous men and women, who possess both masculine and feminine traits, are more willing to self-disclose because they have a greater range of communication skills than sex-typed individuals who adhere more closely to traditional gender roles. Androgynous individuals also tend to have better relationship outcomes because they are more adaptable and flexible in their communication styles.

Question 8

Which one of the following sex differences in communication and self-disclosure has been documented by researchers?
A) Men are less likely than women to interrupt conversation partners.
B) Women tend to talk about nonpersonal topics, and men tend to talk about personal topics.
C) Men are less likely to maintain conversational equality than women.
D) Women engage in less conversational maintenance than men.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men are more likely to dominate conversations and maintain less conversational equality compared to women, who tend to foster more balanced exchanges.

Question 9

Research suggests that couples with _______ experience lower relationship satisfaction than couples with _______.
A) an androgynous gender ideology; a sex-typed gender ideology
B) psychological gender; sex role orientation
C) expressive traits; instrumental traits
D) traditional gender role attitudes; egalitarian gender role attitudes

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that couples with traditional gender role attitudes experience lower relationship satisfaction than couples with egalitarian gender role attitudes. Couples with traditional gender role attitudes may have more conflict and power imbalances in their relationships, leading to lower satisfaction. Egalitarian couples, on the other hand, tend to have more balance and shared decision-making, leading to higher satisfaction.

Question 10

Current research suggests that both men and women tend to provide support to someone in distress in which of the following ways?
A) Assigning blame and expressing irritation
B) Minimizing the situation and shaming the other
C) Asking questions and seeking information
D) Providing advice and expressing sympathy

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that both men and women tend to provide support to someone in distress by providing advice and expressing sympathy. This is seen as a way of trying to solve the problem and show concern for the other person's feelings.

Question 11

The concept of biological sex refers to . . .
A) A person's sex chromosomes, sex hormones, gonads, and genitalia
B) Whether a person claims a masculine or feminine identity
C) Whether a person's anatomy matches his or her gender identity
D) A person's belief that he or she possesses masculine or feminine characteristics

Accepted Answer

Biological sex refers to the combination of a person's sex chromosomes, sex hormones, gonads, and genitalia. It is determined at birth and typically classified as male or female based on the presence of either an XY or XX chromosome and the development of male or female reproductive organs.

Question 12

Which of the following aspects of communication is more likely to be demonstrated by men than by women?
A) Conversational maintenance
B) Conversational dominance
C) Conversational equality
D) Conversational responsiveness

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men are more likely to exhibit conversational dominance, which involves trying to control the conversation and speak out more than others. This is often seen as a trait of assertiveness and confidence in male communication styles.

Question 13

Which one of the following four heterosexual married couples is likely to experience the highest level of marital adjustment?
A) Undifferentiated wife and masculine husband
B) Androgynous wife and androgynous husband
C) Feminine wife and masculine husband
D) Masculine wife and undifferentiated husband

Accepted Answer

Androgynous couples, who possess a mixture of traditional masculine and feminine traits, typically experience the highest level of marital adjustment. This is because they are more flexible in their gender role expectations and able to handle a wider variety of household and relational tasks.

Question 14

Person A completes the Bem Sex Role Inventory, selecting the following items as most self-descriptive: competitive, self-reliant, independent, and assertive. Person A would be considered _______.
A) feminine
B) masculine
C) androgynous
D) undifferentiated

Accepted Answer

The traits selected by Person A are traditionally associated with masculinity, so they would be considered masculine on the Bem Sex Role Inventory.

Question 15

Biology is to sex as psychology is to _______.
A) sexual orientation
B) marital status
C) traditionalism
D) gender

Accepted Answer

Biology is related to sex as a biological concept, while psychology is related to gender as a psychological and social concept.

Question 16

Person B completes the Bem Sex Role Inventory, selecting the following items as most self-descriptive: shy, affectionate, tender, and warm. Person B would be considered _______.
A) androgynous
B) masculine
C) feminine
D) undifferentiated

Accepted Answer

The traits selected by Person B (shy, affectionate, tender, and warm) are all traditionally feminine characteristics. Therefore, Person B would be considered feminine according to the Bem Sex Role Inventory.

Question 17

_______ refers to whether a person claims a masculine or feminine identity and possesses traits or characteristics that are believed to be associated with and that are considered socially appropriate for each biological sex.
A) Psychological gender
B) Sex
C) Sexual orientation
D) Maleness-femaleness

Accepted Answer

Psychological gender refers to a person's internal sense of being male or female and their perceived traits and characteristics associated with their gender.

Question 18

Which of the following behaviors expresses conversational responsiveness?
A) Looking away
B) Expressing oneself forcefully
C) Head nodding
D) Interrupting

Accepted Answer

Head nodding is a nonverbal behavior that shows agreement, understanding, and engagement in the conversation. It indicates that the listener is actively listening and processing the information being conveyed. Choices A, B, and D, on the other hand, are behaviors that can disrupt or hinder effective communication.

Question 19

Which one of the following individuals would be considered sex-typed or traditional with respect to gender or gender role orientation?
A) Frank, who views himself as possessing mostly instrumental attributes
B) Greta, who views herself as possessing a mix of instrumental and expressive attributes
C) Henry, who views himself as possessing mostly expressive attributes
D) Ivan, who views himself as possessing a mix of instrumental and expressive attributes

Accepted Answer

Frank, who views himself as possessing mostly instrumental attributes, aligns with traditional male gender roles, which are typically associated with instrumental traits.

Question 20

The idea that as a result of socialization, women develop greater skill than men at providing emotionally supportive and intimate communication behavior is part of the _______.
A) different cultures thesis
B) different worlds view
C) separate lives hypothesis
D) differential ability/motivation model

Accepted Answer

The differential ability/motivation model suggests that socialization leads women to develop greater skills in emotionally supportive and intimate communication compared to men.

Quiz 14: Maleness and Femaleness

Both men and women view messages that are _______ as the most effective and supportive way of helping someone in emotional distress.

When a baby is born, the doctor holds up the child for the parents to see and says, "Congratulations, it looks like you have a healthy baby boy!" What aspect of maleness-femaleness is the doctor specifically referring to?

People who endorse both stereotypically male and female characteristics are considered _______.

Current research suggests that men and women are _______ in how they provide and respond to supportive communication.

The idea that men and women possess different interpersonal standards and values, approach their relationships from different perspectives, and belong to different "speech communities" is associated with the _______.

When a person's biological sex "matches" his or her psychological gender, researchers often describe that person as _______.

Research suggests that _ men and women are more willing to self-disclose and have better relationship outcomes than _ men and women.

Which one of the following sex differences in communication and self-disclosure has been documented by researchers?

Research suggests that couples with _ experience lower relationship satisfaction than couples with _.

Current research suggests that both men and women tend to provide support to someone in distress in which of the following ways?

The concept of biological sex refers to . . .

Which of the following aspects of communication is more likely to be demonstrated by men than by women?

Which one of the following four heterosexual married couples is likely to experience the highest level of marital adjustment?

Person A completes the Bem Sex Role Inventory, selecting the following items as most self-descriptive: competitive, self-reliant, independent, and assertive. Person A would be considered _______.

Biology is to sex as psychology is to _______.

Person B completes the Bem Sex Role Inventory, selecting the following items as most self-descriptive: shy, affectionate, tender, and warm. Person B would be considered _______.

_______ refers to whether a person claims a masculine or feminine identity and possesses traits or characteristics that are believed to be associated with and that are considered socially appropriate for each biological sex.

Which of the following behaviors expresses conversational responsiveness?

Which one of the following individuals would be considered sex-typed or traditional with respect to gender or gender role orientation?

The idea that as a result of socialization, women develop greater skill than men at providing emotionally supportive and intimate communication behavior is part of the _______.