Question 1

Collectivist cultures are characterized by _______ group boundaries and tend to focus on _______.

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures are characterized by firm group boundaries and tend to focus on group loyalty, rather than individual accomplishments or goals. This often means prioritizing the needs and goals of the group over individual desires or interests. Group loyalty can also extend to an emphasis on maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict within the group.

Question 2

Ethnographic analyses of historical data reveal that about _______ of the men in polygynous societies had more than one wife.

Accepted Answer

In polygynous societies, it is typically a small percentage of men who have multiple wives, often due to economic or social status constraints. Historical data suggests that around 10% of men in such societies have more than one wife.

Question 3

J is about to enter an arranged marriage. If you had to guess, which country is J most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Arranged marriages are common in India and are still practiced by a significant percentage of the population.

Question 4

A marriage system in which husbands and wives share the same spouses (that is, a group marriage system) is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

Cenogamy is a form of group marriage in which all members of the marriage group are married to one another, including both husbands and wives. Monogamy refers to a marriage system in which a person has only one spouse. Polygyny is a marriage system in which a man has multiple wives. Polyandry is a marriage system in which a woman has multiple husbands.

Question 5

Laws which prohibit marriage between closely related individuals are designed to enforce _______.

Accepted Answer

Laws prohibiting marriage between closely related individuals are based on the incest taboo, which is a cultural norm that prohibits sexual relationships and marriage between close family members. The purpose of enforcing incest taboos is to prevent genetic defects and maintain the social order. Choices B, C, and D do not accurately describe the purpose of laws prohibiting marriage between closely related individuals.

Question 6

The tendency for men and women to marry spouses who resemble them on demographic, personality, and attitudinal variables is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Homogamy refers to the tendency for individuals to marry partners who are similar to themselves in various ways, such as demographic characteristics (e.g., age, education level), personality traits, and attitudes. Exogamy, on the other hand, involves marrying someone from a different social group, while heterogamy refers to marrying someone who is dissimilar in some way (e.g., age, ethnicity). Collectivism is a cultural orientation that emphasizes the importance of group harmony over individual goals.

Question 7

"I think I'd like to move to a place where I could have many wives." The man who made this statement prefers which marriage system?

Accepted Answer

Polygyny is a marriage system in which a man can have multiple wives. The statement "I think I'd like to move to a place where I could have many wives" indicates a preference towards having multiple wives, making polygyny the appropriate choice. The other options (monogamy, polyandry, and cenogamy) do not involve having multiple wives.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about marriage is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Egalitarian marriages, where both partners have equal rights and responsibilities, are more common in individualist societies where individual freedom and independence are highly valued. In collectivist societies, where the family is the primary unit of society, arranged marriages or marriages for practical reasons may be more common. Love-based marriages can occur in both individualist and collectivist societies.

Question 9

Cliff and Claire have been married for five years. Both work outside the home and are actively involved in raising their two children. Each serves as a source of support and affection for the other. This marriage would be labeled _______ by relationship scholars.

Accepted Answer

This marriage would be labeled as egalitarian because both partners work outside the home, are actively involved in raising their children, and serve as sources of support and affection for each other, indicating an equal partnership.

Question 10

"I think I'd like to move to a place where I could have many husbands." The woman who made this statement prefers which marriage system?

Accepted Answer

Polyandry is a marriage system where a woman has multiple husbands. Monogamy is a marriage system where one person is married to one other person, which is not what the woman in the statement desires. Polygyny is a marriage system where a man has multiple wives, which is not what the woman in the statement desires. Cenogamy is a hypothetical marriage system where a group of people are in a committed relationship together, which is not what the woman in the statement desires.

Question 11

Many researchers have found positive correlations between spouses on a variety of attributes, including education level, attitudes and values, and cognitive abilities. These findings illustrate _______.

Accepted Answer

Homogamy refers to the tendency for individuals to marry others who are similar to themselves on various attributes, including education level, attitudes and values, and cognitive abilities. Therefore, the positive correlations found between spouses on these attributes suggest homogamy.

Question 12

Historically, which one of the following elements is part of the common definition of marriage?

Accepted Answer

Throughout history, marriage has been defined as a form of economic, social, and reproductive cooperation between couples. This definition has been common across various cultures and time periods. The other options are not historically part of the common definition of marriage.

Question 13

Rhonda married Race when she was 26. They divorced two years later, and Rhonda married Roman. She and Roman divorced six years later. Rhonda then met and married Ron, and the two just celebrated their 25th wedding anniversary. Rhonda's marriage pattern is best described as _______.

Accepted Answer

Rhonda's marriage pattern is a clear example of serial monogamy, as she has had multiple monogamous marriages in sequence with no overlap or concurrent relationships.

Question 14

The mate selection pattern in which people marry successive partners over their life spans is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

Serial monogamy is the practice of marrying or being in a committed relationship with one partner at a time, but over the course of one's life, having multiple partners due to divorce, death of a spouse, or breakups. This is the most common pattern of mate selection in modern western societies. Polygamy involves having multiple spouses at the same time, serial romance refers to multiple short-term romantic relationships, and binuclear marriage refers to divorced parents sharing custody of children in two separate households.

Question 15

Ricky and Lucy are married. Ricky works outside the home and is the sole "breadwinner" for the family. Lucy spends her time raising their two children and taking care of domestic responsibilities. Their marriage would be considered _______.

Accepted Answer

This marriage is considered traditional because of the division of labor between Ricky and Lucy. Ricky is the sole breadwinner while Lucy takes care of domestic responsibilities and raises their children. This division of labor is based on traditional gender roles and is not based on equal status or egalitarian principles.

Question 16

The tendency to marry outside of one's own familial or kinship group is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

Exogamy refers to the cultural practice of marrying outside one's kinship group, whereas homogamy is the tendency to marry someone of similar social and demographic characteristics. Incest avoidance refers to the cultural taboo against marrying close relatives. Serial monogamy refers to the practice of being in a series of monogamous relationships over time.

Question 17

In _______ marriages, both partners are expected to contribute affection and emotion, social support, and financial resources to the relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In _______ marriages, both partners are expected...

Question 18

Marriages based on mutual attraction and feelings of personal compatibility are generally known as _______ marriages.

Accepted Answer

Free-choice marriages are based on mutual attraction and feelings of personal compatibility. Collectivist marriages are arranged by families or communities for the benefit of the group as a whole. Arranged marriages are organized by families or matchmakers without the input of the individuals involved. Individualist marriages prioritize the independence and autonomy of each spouse in the relationship.

Question 19

Data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau indicate that marriage rates have declined _______.

Accepted Answer

The data compiled by the U.S. Census Bureau indicate that marriage rates have declined not only in the United States but also around the world.

Question 20

In all but a small percentage of societies, the predominant form of marriage practiced by both men and women is _______.

Accepted Answer

Monogamy is the predominant form of marriage in the vast majority of societies around the world. While polygynous and polyandrous marriages have been practiced in some societies, they are the exception rather than the norm. Polygynandry, also known as group marriage, is extremely rare and is not commonly practiced in any society.

Quiz 4: Marriage and Mate Selection

Collectivist cultures are characterized by _ group boundaries and tend to focus on _.