Question 1

Karl Menninger sought to change the diagnostic system by encouraging a shift away from describing states or conditions and toward describing ______.

Accepted Answer

Karl Menninger believed that describing life processes was more effective than simply describing the symptoms or conditions a person was experiencing. He felt that understanding the underlying processes and causes behind a person's behavior or mental state was crucial to providing effective treatment.

Question 2

Which of the following outcomes has a strong relationship with strengths-based development of employees?

Accepted Answer

Strengths-based development focuses on identifying and building on an individual's strengths rather than solely addressing weaknesses. This approach has been shown to improve employee performance and productivity. While higher income and increased promotions may be possible outcomes, they are not necessarily direct results of strengths-based development. Decreased conflict may also be a positive outcome, but it is not as strongly connected to this type of development as improved performance.

Question 3

Which of these best fits the reason why the authors of the VIA-IS chose to organize strengths under 6 overarching virtues?

Accepted Answer

The passage states that the virtues are seen cross-culturally and throughout time, which suggests that this was a primary factor in the decision to organize the strengths under those virtues.

Question 4

How would Clifton have ensured that he had empirically based information on success and strengths?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that he had empirically based information on success and strengths, Clifton would have needed to base it on established theories and research findings. This would involve conducting a thorough review of the published literature and using rigorous methods to evaluate the quality and validity of the studies included. Anecdotes and personal observations are not necessarily reliable or representative of the larger population, and face validity alone is not sufficient to establish the empirical basis of the information. A meta-analysis would also be helpful, but it is only one possible method among many for synthesizing research findings.

Question 5

Considering the purpose behind creating The Search Institute's 40 Developmental Assets, who would be best suited to take this measure?

Accepted Answer

The Search Institute's 40 Developmental Assets were created to identify the external and internal assets that young people need to acquire in order to lead healthy and productive lives. Therefore, youth in middle or high school are the most appropriate group to take this measure.

Question 6

Which of these people did the authors indicate as someone who reiterated that hope, faith, and love are powerful?

Accepted Answer

In the article, the authors specifically mention Karl Menninger as someone who believed in the power of hope, faith, and love to guide people towards positive change. They quote him as saying, "Love cures people - both the ones who give it and the ones who receive it." While the other individuals mentioned in the answer choices may have also spoken on the importance of hope, faith, and love, the article does not mention them as explicitly as it does Menninger.

Question 7

Which group(s) contributed to the early practice of classifying disorders in 2600 BC?

Accepted Answer

The Sumerians and Egyptians are credited with contributing to the early practice of classifying disorders as far back as 2600 BC, as evidenced by medical texts and records from that time period. The Babylonians also had a significant influence on medical practices, but their contributions to the classification of disorders came later. The Greeks and Romans made their own significant contributions to medicine, but they came much later in history. The Polynesians, while they may have had their own traditional healing practices, did not have a known impact on the early practice of classifying disorders.

Question 8

Donald Clifton view strengths as extensions of ______.

Accepted Answer

Donald Clifton viewed strengths as extensions of talent. He believed that everyone has innate talents and that identifying and developing these talents into strengths can lead to greater satisfaction and success in life.

Question 9

How many assets are within each group of the Developmental Asset framework?

Accepted Answer

There are 40 assets within the Developmental Asset framework.

Question 10

Which of the following are included in Linley and Harrington's definition of strength?

Accepted Answer

Linley and Harrington's definition of strength includes feeling, thinking, and behaving.

Question 11

Which basic questions spurred the creation of the VIA classification system?

Accepted Answer

The VIA classification system was created to answer the questions of how to define strengths and how to measure if a youth development program is effective. These specific questions align with choice B.

Question 12

What was The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) designed to do?

Accepted Answer

The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) was designed to describe individual differences of character strengths. It measures 24 character strengths and provides individuals with a ranking of their strengths from highest to lowest. It does not focus on maximizing potential or identifying themes of talent but rather on identifying and describing the specific character strengths of an individual.

Question 13

The VIA Classification of Strengths and Clifton StrengthsFinder are similar because they both ______.

Accepted Answer

The VIA Classification of Strengths and Clifton StrengthsFinder are both adapted for use by both adults and youth. They focus on identifying and developing personal strengths rather than solely addressing weaknesses. However, they differ in the specific strengths they identify and the methodology used to assess them.

Question 14

VIA-IS drew inspiration from ______, as seen with the similarities in the wording of questions and type of feedback given to test takers.

Accepted Answer

VIA-IS draws inspiration largely from the Clifton StrengthsFinder by Gallup in terms of question wording, feedback and overall structure.

Question 15

Who among the following people should take the Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth?

Accepted Answer

The Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth is designed for young people between the ages of 11 and 17, making a high schooler the most appropriate candidate for taking the inventory. The language and format of the questions may not be appropriate for a third grader, and the inventory is not designed for adults. While a senior in college could potentially benefit from taking an inventory of their strengths, the Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth is not tailored to their age group or life experience.

Question 16

The question "What protects children from today's problems?" was the inspiration for which measure?

Accepted Answer

The Search Institute's 40 Developmental Assets are specifically designed to protect children from a wide range of problems and risks, including substance abuse, violence, and academic failure. Therefore, it is the best match for the question "What protects children from today's problems?"

Question 17

How did Clifton derive the themes of talent listed in the Gallup classification system?

Accepted Answer

Clifton derived the themes of talent through empirically-based, semi-structured interviews.

Question 18

If a therapist wanted to refer to a classification of strengths or positive outcomes, what would be the best option?

Accepted Answer

The Search Institute's 40 Developmental Assets is a classification of strengths or positive outcomes that assesses different aspects of an individual's development. It focuses on promoting positive outcomes rather than diagnosing negative ones, making it a more appropriate choice for referring to strengths in therapy. The International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual are both used for diagnosing mental illnesses and disorders, which is not the desired outcome in this scenario. As for option D, it is not a valid choice as it does not provide any information.

Question 19

According to Clifton, what conditions must be in place for talent to manifest itself?

Accepted Answer

Clifton states that normal, healthy development and successful experiences in childhood and adolescence are necessary for talent to manifest itself. Financial security, genetics, or a combination of harsh and easy experiences are not mentioned as necessary conditions for talent to manifest.

Question 20

If someone needed to choose a manual that helps provide a common language for strengths, like diagnostic manuals, which of the following should they choose?

Accepted Answer

The VIA Classifications of Strengths provide a common language for strengths that is widely used and accepted in the field of positive psychology. It includes a comprehensive list of character strengths and virtues, and provides a framework for understanding and measuring strengths.

Quiz 3: Classifications and Measures of Strengths and Positive Outcomes