Question 1

Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is the brain's center for processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression. It receives input from the sensory organs and can produce an immediate reaction even before the conscious brain has had a chance to process the information. This process is known as the "amygdala hijack" and highlights the role of the amygdala in rapid and automatic emotional responses.

Question 2

The lingering arousal associated with one emotional state can intensify a completely different state of emotion. This is called

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to how the lingering arousal associated with one emotional state can intensify a completely different state of emotion. For example, feeling angry after a frustrating day at work and then becoming even more upset when encountering minor inconveniences during the commute home. This effect shows how emotions can be interconnected and influence one another.

Question 3

Evidence that people can develop an emotional preference for stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed has convinced Robert Zajonc that

Accepted Answer

Robert Zajonc's belief that people can develop emotional preference for stimuli they have been unknowingly exposed to supports the idea that sometimes emotion precedes cognition, indicating that emotional responses can occur before conscious thought processes.

Question 4

After being physically aroused by his daily three-mile run, Martin finds that he experiences stronger resentment if his wife asks for an unexpected favor and more intense romantic feelings if she kisses him. Martin's experience can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory suggests that emotions involve both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation or labeling of that arousal. Martin's physical arousal from his run may be affecting his emotional response to his wife's requests and gestures, leading to stronger emotions.

Question 5

The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the

Accepted Answer

The answer of The spillover effect is best explained in...

Question 6

According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory, proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, states that emotions are determined by two key elements- physical (physiological) arousal and a cognitive label or interpretation. The physical arousal can be attributed to various sources such as excitement, fear, or anger. The cognitive label refers to the interpretation of the physical arousal based on the environment/context. For instance, if a person experiences a fast heart rate, sweaty palms, and shortness of breath in the presence of a bear, they may label it as fear. However, if they experience the same physiological reactions in the presence of a beautiful sunset, they may label it as happiness. Therefore, the correct answer is D- a cognitive label and physical arousal.

Question 7

In one experiment, college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person. The results of this experiment support the idea that

Accepted Answer

The experiment supports the idea of cognitive appraisal theory, which holds that our experience of emotions depends on how we interpret the physiological arousal that accompanies them. The men injected with epinephrine experienced similar physiological arousal, but those who spent time with the joyful person interpreted the arousal as happiness, while those who spent time with the irritated person interpreted the arousal as anger. This suggests that our cognitive interpretation of the situation influences our experience of the emotion.

Question 8

Unlike the low-road brain pathway, the high road for emotional responses extends through the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike the low-road brain pathway, the high...

Question 9

The autonomic nervous system regulates the ________ that accompanies different emotions.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating physiological arousal, including changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration that accompany different emotions. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Question 10

The two-factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-factor theory of emotion would have...

Question 11

Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in the absence of conscious thought are possible because certain neural pathways bypass the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in...

Question 12

Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty while he was taking a difficult test, Harley concluded that he was "anxious." Noticing that his heart was pounding and that his palms were sweaty when an attractive lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was "falling in love." The differing emotions experienced by Harley can best be explained by the

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory, proposed by Schachter and Singer, suggests that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. Harley's differing emotions are explained by the same physiological responses being interpreted differently based on the context.

Question 13

Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity often reduce people's subjective experience of intense anxiety. Which theory of emotion would have the greatest difficulty explaining this effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system...

Question 14

Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly sideswiped his car. When one of his passengers joked that he almost had a two-color car, Lee laughed uncontrollably. Lee's emotional volatility best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The spillover effect refers to the transfer of an emotion from one situation to another. In this case, Lee's fear from the near-accident spilled over into uncontrollable laughter in response to a joke, demonstrating emotional volatility. The other options are not applicable to this scenario. The adaptation-level phenomenon refers to the tendency to adapt to a particular level of stimulation, becoming less responsive over time. The relative deprivation principle suggests that people feel deprived when they perceive themselves as having less than others. The catharsis hypothesis proposes that releasing aggressive or negative emotions through action or fantasy can provide a sense of relief or release.

Question 15

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion was proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer.

Question 16

In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that

Accepted Answer

Both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that some emotional reactions can occur without conscious thinking. This is known as the "low road" pathway in which sensory information travels directly to the amygdala, triggering an immediate emotional response without conscious appraisal. This is in contrast to the "high road" pathway in which sensory information is first processed by the cortex before leading to an emotional response.

Question 17

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion emphasizes the importance of cognitive activity, such as interpretation and labeling of physiological arousal, in addition to physiological arousal itself. In contrast, the James-Lange theory suggests that physiological arousal is the central component of emotion, with cognition occurring as a result of that arousal.

Question 18

In an experiment to test the spillover effect, college men were injected with epinephrine prior to spending time with an experimenter's accomplice who acted either euphoric or irritated. Which individuals in this experiment were LEAST likely to experience the emotion demonstrated by the experimenter's accomplice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment to test the spillover...

Question 19

When confronted by an armed robber, your emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by

Accepted Answer

The answer of When confronted by an armed robber, your...

Question 20

Research has shown that neck-level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional experiences. This finding supports the

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions arise from physiological arousal, and that the specific emotion experienced depends on the interpretation of that arousal in context. Neck-level spinal cord injuries would interfere with the physiological arousal involved in certain emotional experiences, supporting this theory. The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotional experience and physiological reactions occur simultaneously and independently, so this finding does not support that theory. The adaptation-level principle describes how we adjust our emotional responses based on our prior experiences, and the catharsis hypothesis suggests that expressing emotions can reduce their intensity, but neither are directly relevant to this finding about spinal cord injuries.

Quiz 35: Introduction to Emotion