Question 1

Which of the following statements about rape is true?

Accepted Answer

A) This statement is true. According to RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network), 7 out of 10 rapes are committed by someone known to the victim, and 2 out of 3 sexual assaults go unreported to police.

B) This statement is also true. According to a study by the National Sexual Violence Resource Center, 1 in 5 women and 1 in 71 men will be raped at some point in their lives, and nearly 1 in 2 women and 1 in 5 men have experienced sexual violence other than rape.

C) This statement is also true. In a study published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, researchers found that 35% of college men indicated some likelihood of raping someone if they could be assured that there would be no consequences.

Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 2

According to research, a gun in the home has often meant the difference between ___________ and ___________, or between suffering and suicide.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that having a gun in the home can increase the risk of violent outcomes, such as turning a fight into a fatal incident (a funeral), or escalating suffering into suicide.

Question 3

Celeste lives in Vancouver, and her friend Yannick lives in Seattle. Based on research regarding restrictions on handgun ownership, which person is more likely to be the victim of gun-related violence?

Accepted Answer

Seattle has stricter gun laws than Vancouver, which makes it less likely for Yannick to be a victim of gun-related violence than Celeste.

Question 4

In a revision of frustration-aggression theory, Berkowitz maintained that frustration most directly produces

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz revised the frustration-aggression theory to suggest that frustration leads to anger, which in turn can lead to aggression if there are aggressive cues present in the environment.

Question 5

As a prominent social psychologist you have been asked to give advice to the government of a new nation. What should the government do to prevent as many murders as possible?

Accepted Answer

Research in social psychology suggests that restricting access to means of committing violence, such as handguns, can reduce the incidence of violent crimes, including murders. This approach focuses on prevention rather than punishment.

Question 6

Imagine that Steve is driving home, when a car cuts him off on the highway. Under which of the following conditions is he most likely to be enraged by this incident?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that Steve is driving home, when...

Question 7

Sexually aggressive men typically

Accepted Answer

Sexually aggressive men typically exhibit all of these traits. They tend to be sexually promiscuous, exhibit hostility toward women, and desire dominance over their sexual partners. These behaviors are often associated with a lack of empathy and an inability to regulate their own emotions.

Question 8

Check and Malamuth reported that students who read erotic rape stories and were then debriefed about the study's true purpose were

Accepted Answer

The answer of Check and Malamuth reported that students who...

Question 9

Viewing sexually violent movies _____________ men to brutality and results in _____________ for rape victims.

Accepted Answer

Viewing sexually violent movies desensitizes men to brutality and results in less sympathy for rape victims. This has been shown in various studies, as exposure to violent or degrading sexual content can lead to a reduction in empathy and an increase in aggression towards women.

Question 10

Research suggests that the sight of a weapon can

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the mere sight of a weapon can lead to increased aggression, a phenomenon known as the weapon effect. This is because the presence of a weapon can prime aggressive thoughts and behaviors, leading to an amplification of aggressive impulses.

Question 11

Laboratory experiments confirm that exposure to violent pornography

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiments have consistently shown that exposure to violent pornography increases punitive behaviour toward women, such as blaming the victim and justifying the perpetrator's actions. It does not necessarily lead to increased punitive behaviour toward men or increased sympathy toward female victimization.

Question 12

Sandra and her date Adrian are on a rollercoaster at the fair. After getting off the ride, Sandra is feeling like she may be falling in love with Adrian. This example can be best explained by the fact that

Accepted Answer

The situation can be explained by the concept of misattribution of arousal, where the physiological arousal from the rollercoaster ride is mistakenly attributed to feelings of love or attraction towards Adrian.

Question 13

Berkowitz and LePage (1967) found that frustrated men delivered more shocks when

Accepted Answer

The study found that frustrated men delivered more shocks when guns happened to be in the room. This suggests that the presence of guns may have heightened aggressive behavior in frustrated individuals.

Question 14

In a revision of frustration-aggression theory, Berkowitz emphasized the importance of

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz emphasized the importance of aggressive cues, such as weapons, in his revised frustration-aggression theory. He argued that the mere presence of these cues can trigger aggressive behavior, even in individuals who are not typically aggressive.

Question 15

Which of the following has been found to be an effect of modelling sexual violence in movies and television?

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found that exposure to sexual violence in media, including movies and television, can increase the acceptance of violence against women among men. This is likely due to the normalization and desensitization of the behavior depicted in the media. However, there is no evidence to suggest that women become more aggressive toward other women as a result of this exposure, and while some studies have found that women may become more aware of the seriousness of rape as a crime, this is not consistent across all studies. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it reflects the most widely accepted and supported effect of modeling sexual violence in media.

Question 16

Researchers have argued that the presence of guns can elicit violence because they serve as aggression cues. According to your text, what other reason is associated with increased violence when guns, as compared to other weapons, are present?

Accepted Answer

Guns put psychological distance between the aggressor and the victim. This psychological distance can make it easier for the aggressor to harm the victim because they do not have to physically confront them, effectively reducing feelings of empathy and personal responsibility. Additionally, the presence of a gun can lead to an overestimation of the power or aggression of the person holding it, potentially leading to more violent behavior.

Question 17

A study of Ontario rapists, child molesters, and non-sexual offenders found that

Accepted Answer

The study found that rapists and child molesters used pornography much more than men who were not sexual offenders. Non-sexual offenders used pornography less frequently than sexual offenders.

Question 18

One of the reasons that it is important to protest the showing of movies that depict women enjoying sexual coercion is

Accepted Answer

Subtle messages in media can be very persuasive and contribute to harmful attitudes and behaviors towards women. Depictions of women enjoying sexual coercion can normalize and glamorize non-consensual behavior, leading to increased acceptance and perpetuation of sexual violence. Therefore, it is important to protest and raise awareness about the harmful effects of such media.

Question 19

Repeated exposure to fictional scenes of a man overpowering and arousing a woman

Accepted Answer

Repeated exposure to fictional scenes of a man overpowering and arousing a woman can distort people's perceptions of how women actually respond to sexual coercion. This can lead to harmful attitudes towards women and a greater likelihood of engaging in or condoning sexual coercion. It does not create a catharsis experience for men or decrease men's aggression against women.

Question 20

Nancy is running around in the park, playing a vigorous game with her children, when she sees someone who treated her badly at a recent social event. She feels a very strong surge of anger. This is an example of the idea that

Accepted Answer

The scenario presented shows that Nancy's physical arousal (running and playing) intensified her emotional response to seeing someone who treated her badly. This supports the idea that arousal of any type feeds emotions. This answer also rules out the other choices as they do not apply to the given situation.

Quiz 10: Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others