Question 1

Malnutrition is associated with many adverse health,social,mental,and financial outcomes.Which one of the following is NOT on this list?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition is not directly associated with increased incidence rates for cardiovascular disease, whereas anemia, sarcopenia, and bone fractures are more directly linked to malnutrition.

Question 2

A patient is admitted to a hospital ward with a current body weight of 53 kg.The patient reports that his usual weight is 65 kg.What is the patient's percent weight change?

Accepted Answer

The percent weight change is calculated as [(Usual weight - Current weight) / Usual weight] * 100. So, [(65 kg - 53 kg) / 65 kg] * 100 = 18.46%, which rounds to 18%.

Question 3

Malnutrition and undernutrition are experienced when there is a deficiency of energy (kilocalories),protein,or other nutrients,causing measurable and adverse effects on body composition,function,and health.An unintentional weight loss of more than a threshold of __________ in the past six months is often used for diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

An unintentional weight loss of more than 10% in the past six months is often used as a diagnostic criterion for malnutrition and undernutrition. This threshold helps healthcare professionals identify individuals who may be at risk and require further assessment or intervention.

Question 4

A recently admitted patient undergoing nutritional screening has an admission weight of 130 lbs.and states that her usual weight is 145 lbs.Based on the information provided,what is the patient's percent of usual weight?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the percent of usual weight, we use the formula:

Percent of usual weight = (current weight / usual weight) x 100

Plugging in the given values, we get:

Percent of usual weight = (130 / 145) x 100 = 89.66 or approximately 90%

Therefore, the answer is choice B, 90%.

Question 5

How much would a person with a desirable body weight or reference body weight of 160 lbs.have to weigh in order to be at 175% of desirable body weight?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How much would a person with a...

Question 6

Which one of the following statements regarding the Harris-Benedict equations is false?

Accepted Answer

The Harris-Benedict equations do include age as a variable, along with weight, height, and sex, to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR) and thus their daily energy requirements.

Question 7

Which one of the following conditions tends to increase nitrogen excretion and REE the most?

Accepted Answer

A major burn injury causes significant tissue damage and inflammation, leading to a dramatic increase in nitrogen excretion and resting energy expenditure (REE). This is due to the increased metabolism required for tissue repair, and the breakdown of proteins for energy. Total starvation can also lead to an increase in nitrogen excretion, but it would not increase REE as significantly as a major burn injury. Partial starvation and peritonitis/severe sepsis may increase nitrogen excretion to some extent, but they do not typically have as profound an effect as a major burn injury.

Question 8

Arm muscle area can be used as an index of _______.

Accepted Answer

Arm muscle area is a measure of the amount of lean tissue or muscle in the body. It is calculated by measuring the circumference of the mid-upper arm and the triceps skinfold thickness. It is used as a surrogate measure of muscle mass, which is important for overall health and physical function. It is not a measure of total body energy reserves or adipose tissue reserves in the upper arm.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most variable component of 24-hour energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of exercise varies greatly depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity. Resting energy expenditure and sleep energy expenditure are relatively consistent for an individual over time, while the thermic effect of food is influenced more by the quantity and composition of meals consumed. Therefore, C is the correct choice as it is the most variable component of 24-hour energy expenditure.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements regarding resting energy expenditure (REE)prediction equations is true?

Accepted Answer

Resting energy expenditure prediction equations are based on population averages and may not accurately predict an individual's REE due to factors such as differences in body composition, age, and metabolism. They are generally more accurate at predicting a group's mean REE than an individual's REE.

Question 11

The major route of nitrogen excretion from the body for most individuals is _______.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood into urine, which is then excreted from the body. This is the main route of nitrogen excretion for most individuals.

Question 12

The identification of two or more of the six characteristics is recommended for diagnosing malnutrition (assessed on admission and at frequent intervals).Which one of the following listed is NOT on this list?

Accepted Answer

Increase in visceral body fat is not one of the six characteristics used for diagnosing malnutrition. The other three choices (insufficient energy intake, weight loss, and loss of muscle mass) are part of the six characteristics used for diagnosis.

Question 13

Early detection of malnutrition is important,and it is an important component of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).There are at least four components in CGA.Which one of the following is NOT on this list?

Accepted Answer

The four components of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) include physical health, mental health, functional status, and social support systems. Chronic disease risk factors are not a separate component but are typically included in the physical health evaluation. Therefore, choice B is not on the list of CGA components.

Question 14

Which one of the following factors poses the greatest problem in calculating nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A large amount of wound drainage or blood loss can significantly affect nitrogen balance calculations by causing a loss of nitrogen from the body that is not accounted for through usual measures of intake and output, such as dietary intake and urinary excretion. This can lead to inaccuracies in estimating the true nitrogen balance.

Question 15

Which one of the following is the preferred approach for determining energy expenditure in free-living research subjects?

Accepted Answer

Doubly labeled water is the preferred approach for determining energy expenditure in free-living research subjects as it is a non-invasive and accurate method that does not require direct measurement of oxygen consumption or carbon dioxide production. It involves administering a dose of water with a known amount of isotopes and then measuring the difference in the isotopes in subsequent urine samples, which allows for calculation of energy expenditure over a period of time. The other options listed (Harris-Benedict equations, closed circuit calorimetry, and using a computerized metabolic cart) are all useful methods for determining energy expenditure but may not be ideal for free-living subjects due to their invasiveness, expense, or lack of portability.

Question 16

The half arm-span is the distance from the midline at the _______ to the tip of the middle finger while the non-dominant arm is stretched out in a horizontal position.

Accepted Answer

The sternal notch is the indentation at the top of the sternum and is commonly used as a landmark in anatomy. The half arm-span distance is measured from the midline at the sternal notch to the tip of the middle finger, while the non-dominant arm is stretched horizontally.

Question 17

A computerized metabolic monitor or cart is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A computerized metabolic monitor or cart is an example of open circuit calorimetry. Open circuit calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to estimate energy expenditure.

Question 18

In the MNA-SF,if BMI is not available,use the _______ circumference.

Accepted Answer

In the MNA-SF (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form), if BMI (Body Mass Index) is not available, calf circumference is used as an alternative measure to assess nutritional status.

Question 19

Which of the following is the largest component of 24-hour energy expenditure for most healthy,sedentary adults?

Accepted Answer

Resting energy expenditure, also known as basal metabolic rate, typically accounts for approximately 70% of an adult's 24-hour energy expenditure. Thermic effect of food and exercise can increase energy expenditure, but they are typically smaller components in comparison. Sleep energy expenditure also contributes to overall energy expenditure, but it is generally much smaller compared to resting energy expenditure.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a variable in the World Health Organization REE prediction equations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Quiz 7: Assessment of the Hospitalized Patient