Question 1

What was the Fabian Society?

Accepted Answer

The Fabian Society was founded in 1884 in London as a socialist organization focused on achieving its political goals through gradualist and reformist means rather than through revolution. Its members advocated for the state ownership of key industries and the redistribution of wealth. Notable members of the society included George Bernard Shaw, H.G. Wells, and Sidney and Beatrice Webb.

Question 2

Which of the following, regarding expansion and colonialism, was not portrayed as a sign of virility?

Accepted Answer

Mary Kingsley's writings often challenged the prevailing notions of gender and colonialism of her time. Rather than portraying expansion and colonialism as a sign of virility, her works highlighted her own travels and observations in Africa, offering a different perspective that did not necessarily align with the dominant narratives of masculinity and imperialism.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Semitism was not limited to Russia and eastern Europe; it was present throughout Europe and in other parts of the world.

Question 4

From 1500 to 1800, about six million people migrated out of Europe.In the years 1870-1914, the number was

Accepted Answer

The answer of From 1500 to 1800, about six million...

Question 5

Which nationalities were involved in the Boer War?

Accepted Answer

The Boer War (also known as the South African War) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. The Boers were mostly of Dutch descent, but there were also many Germans, as well as some British, French, and other European settlers in the area. However, the main belligerents in the war were the British and the Boers, who were mostly of Dutch descent, so choice A is the correct answer.

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with anarchists?

Accepted Answer

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates for a society organized without a government or authority. It encompasses a wide range of ideas, including the belief that people can live harmoniously without government (A), the historical association of some anarchists with political violence or assassinations (B), the emphasis on educating the masses to bring about social change (C), and the formation of groups to challenge existing power structures, which can sometimes be secretive or militant (D).

Question 7

What was at the root of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Nietzsche's philosophy was characterized by a rejection of rationalism, a critique of traditional morality and religion, and an emphasis on the individual will to power and freedom. He believed in the importance of self-realization and the pursuit of individual excellence, rather than conforming to societal norms and conventions.

Question 8

Theodore Herzl was famous for which new ideology?

Accepted Answer

Theodore Herzl was famous for his advocacy and promotion of Zionism, a political movement that sought to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Question 9

Which is commonly accepted as the most brutal of the colonial ventures?

Accepted Answer

The Belgian Congo is commonly accepted as the most brutal of the colonial ventures due to the extreme violence, exploitation of resources, and dehumanization of the Congolese people under the rule of King Leopold II. Human rights abuses including forced labor, mutilation, and murder were rampant, leading to millions of deaths.

Question 10

Eduard Bernstein's revisionism held that

Accepted Answer

Eduard Bernstein's revisionism held that the working class could peacefully build socialism by using existing bourgeois political institutions. He rejected the idea of violent class struggle and believed that the improvement of workers' living conditions and democratic reforms could gradually bring about socialism.

Question 11

By 1900, liberalism began to abandon which of its original tenets?

Accepted Answer

By 1900, liberalism began to shift towards accepting a more active role for government in addressing social issues, moving away from the classical liberal idea that government should not interfere in society.

Question 12

Which of the following individuals was considered an anarchist?

Accepted Answer

Michael Bakunin was a Russian revolutionary and philosopher who was considered a leading theorist of anarchism. He was an influential figure in the early anarchist movement.

Question 13

Unlike traditional conservatives, the "new right" emerging in the 1880s

Accepted Answer

The "new right" emerging in the 1880s differed from traditional conservatives in several ways, including being more populist and demagogic, enthusiastically embracing nationalism, espousing racist ideologies, and not calling for war to achieve nationalistic goals. Therefore, choice E, "All of these," is the best option.

Question 14

Which of the following is not characteristic of the new artistic styles at the turn of the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

The new artistic styles at the turn of the twentieth century were characterized by a rejection of traditional forms and a focus on experimentation, individualism, and emotion. There was a tendency for artists to be introspective and self-absorbed and to draw from personal experiences and feelings. Romanticism was indeed revived in many of these new styles, and expressionalism, futurism, symbolism, and other avant-garde movements emerged. However, the popularity and marketability of these styles was not instant, as they often faced resistance and criticism from traditionalists and the general public.

Question 15

In what may be called an "age of uncertainty"

Accepted Answer

All of these options describe characteristics of the "age of uncertainty" in which people were questioning traditional institutions and seeking alternative ways of understanding their lives and the world around them. Organized religion declined as people became more skeptical of dogma and doctrine, while Eastern religions like Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism gained popularity as people sought new spiritual paths. Various forms of mysticism, such as séances and other occult practices, also caught on as people sought to connect with supernatural forces outside of traditional religious frameworks. Finally, confidence in science was undermined as people began to question the ability of science to provide all of the answers to life's mysteries, especially in light of issues like nuclear weapons and environmental degradation.

Question 16

Freud thought that the source of psychological problems was

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that psychological problems resulted from inner conflicts and irrational forces, particularly in the unconscious mind. He believed that unresolved conflicts from childhood could manifest in various psychological disorders.

Question 17

What technique was adopted by the British in the Boer War?

Accepted Answer

The British adopted the strategy of scorched earth warfare during the Boer War, destroying farms and settlements in order to deprive the Boer forces of resources and shelter. This brutal tactic ultimately contributed to the surrender of the Boer forces.

Question 18

What were the First and Second Internationals?

Accepted Answer

The First and Second Internationals were international congresses of world socialists. The First International, also known as the International Workingmen's Association, was founded in 1864 and lasted until 1876. Its aim was to promote international socialist cooperation and unity. The Second International, founded in 1889, aimed to coordinate socialist activities across different countries and to work towards the ultimate goal of a worldwide socialist revolution. Both Internationals played an important role in the development of socialist movements and ideologies.

Question 19

Brutal insensitivity to the needs of indigenous peoples was a hallmark of expansionism; which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

The letter from Chief Montwhiwa to Queen Victoria, which is often cited in discussions of colonial disregard, is a fabricated example and not a documented historical event. The other options (B, C, D, E) are true instances of brutal insensitivity towards indigenous peoples during the era of expansionism.

Question 20

What western idea had some natives adopted by the late 1800s that later contributed to independence?

Accepted Answer

Nationalism had some natives adopted by the late 1800s, which later contributed to their independence movements. It gave them a sense of identity and belonging, separate from their colonizers, and fueled their desire for self-rule and autonomy. Many nationalist leaders emerged in various colonized regions, utilizing this concept to rally people behind their cause and push for independence.

Quiz 24: Imperialism and Escalating Tensions, 1880-1914