Question 1

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.).

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

The biological specialty that deals with the reconstruction and study of phylogenies is called ________.

Accepted Answer

systematics

Question 3

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

-Based on the phylogeny shown,we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

Accepted Answer

Species 2 is most closely related to species 3 because in a phylogenetic tree, the closest relatives are determined by the most recent common ancestor. The option that pairs species 2 and 3 indicates they share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with any of the other species listed.

Question 5

-Based on the phylogeny shown,the outgroup would be species

Accepted Answer

In phylogenetic trees, the outgroup is a species or group of species used as a point of reference for comparison with the ingroup (the set of species being studied). The outgroup is chosen because it is closely related to, but not part of, the ingroup. It helps to root the tree and provides a direction for character state changes. Since species 1 is the most distantly related to the others, it serves as the outgroup in this scenario.

Question 6

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group consists of the most...

Question 7

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group consists of the most...

Question 8

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be ________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows that these three groups share a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The behavior of parental care exhibited by...

Question 9

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ________ structures,as the fossil record shows that saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saber teeth found in different groups of...

Question 10

A ________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group does not contain the...

Question 11

Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ________,the study of the order of evolutionary events within a group sharing derived characters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ________,the...

Question 12

-Based on the phylogeny shown,the group of species including (2-5)can best be described as a

Accepted Answer

A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor. Since species 2-5 include an ancestor and all of its descendants, they form a clade.

Question 13

The principle of ________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of ________ favors the hypothesis...

Question 14

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Accepted Answer

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is called systematics, which involves organizing and classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships. Evolution (choice A) refers to the process of how species change and diversify over time. Taxonomy (choice C) is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms. Taxidermy (choice D) is the art of preserving animal skins or mounts. Cladistics (choice E) is a method of phylogenetic analysis that determines evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characteristics. While cladistics is a tool used in systematics, it is not the study and reconstruction of phylogenies in and of itself.

Question 15

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ________ of that clade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A derived character that is shared by...

Question 16

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Accepted Answer

Systematics is indeed the broader scientific discipline that encompasses the reconstruction and study of phylogenies, which are the evolutionary histories and relationships among species or groups of species.

Question 17

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ________ characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as...

Question 18

The biological specialty that deals with the grouping and naming of organisms is called taxonomy or ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biological specialty that deals with the...

Question 19

A phylogenetically-based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Phylogenetically-based taxonomy arranges organisms based on their evolutionary relatedness, thus providing information on all aspects of an organism including its physiology, behavior, development, and morphology. Therefore, all choices apply.

Question 20

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Accepted Answer

Characteristics between branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called derived characters. Derived characters are also known as apomorphies and reflect evolutionary changes that have occurred in a particular lineage after it diverged from its common ancestor with other lineages. Homologous characters are similarities between organisms that are due to inheritance from a common ancestor, while homoplastic characters are similarities between organisms that are due to convergence or parallelism. Ancestral characters, also known as plesiomorphies, are characteristics that were present in the common ancestor of a group of organisms and are still present in some or all of its descendants. Novel characters are unique to a particular lineage and are not found in any of its ancestors or other related lineages.

Quiz 23: Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.) .